Editing /usr/local/sbin/

{{Welcome}}
{{Navbar System Administation Utilities}}

==Introduction==
Here you will find a lot of small applications, you don't find on your desktop task bar. No starter is there but on your computer. You can use them only on the cli. All commands are connected to the man pages. So you can read how to use them.

==Content==


{|class="wikitable" style="width:96.5%;background:#FFFFFF; border:2px solid #008000;text-align:left;padding: 10px" 
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;"|'''Utility'''
! scope="col" style="width: 350px;"|'''Description'''
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|/usr/local/sbin/accept||
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|/usr/local/sbin/addgnupghome||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=addgnupghome&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html addgnupghome] - Create .gnupg home directories; If  GnuPG  is  installed	on a system with existing user accounts, it is    sometimes required to populate the GnuPG	home directory	with  existing       files.	Especially  a  `trustlist.txt'	and a keybox with some initial       certificates are	often desired.	This scripts help to do	this by	 copying  all	 files	from `/etc/skel/.gnupg'	to the home directories	of the      accounts	given on the command line.  It takes care not to overwrite existing GnuPG home directories.
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|/usr/local/sbin/applygnupgdefaults||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=applygnupgdefaults&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html applygnupgdefaults] - Run	gpgconf	--apply-defaults for all users.
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|/usr/local/sbin/avahi-daemon||The  [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=avahi-daemon&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html Avahi]  mDNS/DNS-SD daemon implements Apple's Zeroconf architecture        (also known as "Rendezvous" or "Bonjour"). The daemon  registers	 local       IP addresses and	static services	using mDNS/DNS-SD and provides two IPC       APIs for	local programs to make use of the mDNS record cache the	avahi-daemon  maintains. First	there is the so	called "simple protocol" which       is used exclusively by avahi-dnsconfd (a	daemon which  configures  unicast  DNS servers using server info published via mDNS) and nss-mdns (a      libc NSS	plugin,	providing name resolution via mDNS). Finally there  is       the  D-Bus interface which provides a rich object oriented interface to       D-Bus enabled applications.
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|/usr/local/sbin/avahi-dnsconfd||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=avahi-dnsconfd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html avahi-dnsconfd] connects to a running avahi-daemon and runs  the	script ''/home/lennart/tmp/avahi/usr/local/etc/avahi/dnsconfd.action''   for  each unicast DNS server that is announced on the local LAN. This  is	useful    for configuring unicast DNS servers in a	DHCP-like fashion with mDNS.

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|/usr/local/sbin/badblocks||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=badblocks&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html badblocks] is used to search for bad blocks on a device (usually a  disk      partition).   device  is	 the  special file corresponding to the	device    (e.g /dev/hdc1).	
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|/usr/local/sbin/biosdecode||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=biosdecode&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html biosdecode]  parses  the	BIOS  memory  and prints information about all   structures (or entry points) it knows of. 
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|/usr/local/sbin/blkid||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=blkid&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html blkid] - command-line utility to locate/print block device attributes
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|/usr/local/sbin/bonobo-activation-sysconf||
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|/usr/local/sbin/ck-log-system-restart||
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|/usr/local/sbin/ck-log-system-start||
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|/usr/local/sbin/ck-log-system-stop||
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|/usr/local/sbin/console-kit-daemon||
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|/usr/local/sbin/cracklib-check||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cracklib&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html CrackLib] is  a	library	containing a C function	which may be used in a        passwd(1)-like program.

The idea	is simple: try to prevent users	from choosing  passwords  that     could be	guessed	by Crack by filtering them out,	at source.
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|/usr/local/sbin/cracklib-format||
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|/usr/local/sbin/cracklib-packer||
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|/usr/local/sbin/cracklib-unpacker||
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|/usr/local/sbin/create-cracklib-dict||
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|/usr/local/sbin/cups-browsed||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cups-browsed&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html cups-browsed]  - A daemon	for browsing the Bonjour broadcasts of shared, remote CUPS printers
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|/usr/local/sbin/cups-genppd.5.3||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cups-genppd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html cups-genppd] - generate Gutenprint PPD files for use with	CUPS
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|/usr/local/sbin/cups-genppdupdate||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cups-genppdupdate&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html cups-genppdupdate] regenerates the Gutenprint PPD	files in use by	 CUPS,     using  the  PPD	files  under ''/usr/local/share/cups/model/gutenprint'' as      templates.  
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|/usr/local/sbin/cupsaccept||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=accept&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html cupsaccept] command instructs	the printing system  to	 accept	 print      jobs to the specified destinations.
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|/usr/local/sbin/cupsaddsmb||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cupsaddsmb&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html cupsaddsmb] program exports printers	to the SAMBA software (version    2.2.0 or	higher)	for use	with Windows clients.  Depending on the	 SAMBA       configuration,  you may need to provide a password to export the	printers.  This program requires the Windows printer driver files.
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|/usr/local/sbin/cupsctl||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cupsctl&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html cupsctl]	updates	 or  queries the cupsd.conf file for a server. When no      changes are requested, the current configuration	values are written  to      the standard output in the format "name=value", one per line.
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|/usr/local/sbin/cupsd||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cupsd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html cupsd] is	the scheduler for CUPS.	It implements a	printing system	 based  upon  the Internet Printing Protocol, version 2.1, and supports most of      the requirements	for IPP	Everywhere. If no options are specified	on the     command-line    then    the   default   configuration   file   /usr/local/etc/cups/cupsd.conf will be used.
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|/usr/local/sbin/cupsdisable||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cupsdisable&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html cupsdisable, cupsenable] - stop/start printers and classes, cupsenable starts the named printers or classes while cupsdisable stops   the named printers or classes.

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|/usr/local/sbin/cupsenable||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cupsdisable&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html cupsdisable, cupsenable] - stop/start printers and classes, cupsenable starts the named printers or classes while cupsdisable stops   the named printers or classes.
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|/usr/local/sbin/cupsfilter||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cupsfilter&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html cupsfilter] is a front-end to the	CUPS filter subsystem which allows you to  convert a file to a specific	format,	just as	if you had printed the file through CUPS. By default, cupsfilter generates  a  PDF  file.  The     converted file is sent to the standard output.
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|/usr/local/sbin/cupsreject||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cupsreject&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html cupsaccept] command instructs	the printing system  to	 accept	 print jobs to the specified destinations.

The  cupsreject	command	 instructs the printing	system to reject print jobs to the specified destinations.  The	-r option sets the reason  for       rejecting  print	jobs. If not specified,	the reason defaults to "Reason       Unknown".
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|/usr/local/sbin/debugfs||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=debugfs&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html debugfs] - ext2/ext3/ext4	file system debugger

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|/usr/local/sbin/dmidecode||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dmidecode&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html dmidecode]  is a tool for	dumping	a computer's DMI (some say SMBIOS) table contents in a human-readable	format.	This table contains a description  of	 the  system's	hardware  components,  as well as other	useful       pieces of information such as serial numbers and	BIOS revision.	Thanks     to  this	 table,	 you  can  retrieve this information without having to       probe for the actual hardware.  While this is a good point in terms  of       report  speed  and  safeness, this also makes the presented information       possibly	unreliable.

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|/usr/local/sbin/dumpe2fs||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dumpe2fs&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html dumpe2fs] - dump ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem information

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|/usr/local/sbin/e2freefrag||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=e2freefrag&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html e2freefrag]  is used to report free space	fragmentation on ext2/3/4 file     systems.	 filesys is  the  filesystem  device  name  (e.g.   /dev/hdc1,   /dev/md0).   The	e2freefrag program will	scan the block bitmap information to check how many  free  blocks  are  present  as  contiguous  and      aligned	free  space.  The percentage of	contiguous free	blocks of size       and of alignment	chunk_kb is reported.	It  also  displays  the	 minimum/maximum/average  free  chunk	 size  in the filesystem, along	with a      histogram of all	free chunks.  This information can be  used  to	 gauge       the level of free space fragmentation in	the filesystem.

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|/usr/local/sbin/e2fsck||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=e2fsck&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html e2fsck] is used to check the ext2/ext3/ext4 family of file systems.  For    ext3 and	ext4 filesystems that use a journal, if	the  system  has  been     shut  down  uncleanly without any errors, normally, after replaying the       committed transactions  in the  journal,	 the  file  system  should  be       marked  as clean.   Hence, for filesystems that use journalling,	e2fsck       will normally replay the	journal	and exit, unless its superblock	 indicates that further checking is required.
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|/usr/local/sbin/e2image||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=e2image&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html e2image] program will	save critical ext2, ext3, or  ext4  filesystem      metadata	 located on device to a	file specified by image-file.  The image file	may be examined	by dumpe2fs and	debugfs, by using the  -i  option  to	those programs.	 This can assist an expert in recovering catastrophically corrupted filesystems.  In the future, e2fsck will be  enhanced to be able to use	the image file to help recover a badly damaged    filesystem.
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|/usr/local/sbin/e2label||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=e2label&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html e2label] - Change	the label on an	ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem

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|/usr/local/sbin/e2mmpstatus||
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|/usr/local/sbin/e2undo||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=e2undo&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html e2undo] will replay the undo log undo_log	for an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem found on device.  This can be used to undo a	failed operation by an   e2fsprogs program.
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|/usr/local/sbin/escapesrc||
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|/usr/local/sbin/eventlogadm||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=eventlogadm&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html eventlogadm] - push records into the Samba event log store
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|/usr/local/sbin/findfs||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=findfs&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html findfs]  will  search  the  disks	in the system looking for a filesystem        which has a label matching label	or a  UUID  equal  to  uuid.   If  the    filesystem is found, the	device name for	the filesystem will be printed     on stdout.
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|/usr/local/sbin/foomatic-addpjloptions||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=foomatic-addpjloptions&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html  foomatic-addpjloptions] formats the PJL information file (or STDIN) into  a format	usable by the Foomatic database.
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|/usr/local/sbin/foomatic-cleanupdrivers||
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|/usr/local/sbin/foomatic-extract-text||
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|/usr/local/sbin/foomatic-fix-xml||
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|/usr/local/sbin/foomatic-getpjloptions||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=foomatic-getpjloptions&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html foomatic-getpjloptions]  Sends  a	set of PJL commands and	reads back the     PJL options and status from a printer over a network connection or  device  bidirectional  interface such as parallel,	USB, serial.  printers   to standard output. The output can be piped into	foomatic-addpjloptions  to add options to the database.
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|/usr/local/sbin/foomatic-kitload||
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|/usr/local/sbin/foomatic-nonumericalids||
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|/usr/local/sbin/foomatic-preferred-driver||
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|/usr/local/sbin/foomatic-printermap-to-gutenprint-xml||
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|/usr/local/sbin/foomatic-replaceoldprinterids||
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|/usr/local/sbin/fsck.ext2||
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|/usr/local/sbin/fsck.ext3||
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|/usr/local/sbin/fsck.ext4||
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|/usr/local/sbin/fsck_ext2fs||
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|/usr/local/sbin/genccode||
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|/usr/local/sbin/gencmn||
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|/usr/local/sbin/gennorm2||
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|/usr/local/sbin/gensprep||
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|/usr/local/sbin/gpart||
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|/usr/local/sbin/hald||
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|/usr/local/sbin/icupkg||
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|/usr/local/sbin/lightdm||
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|/usr/local/sbin/logsave||
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|/usr/local/sbin/lpadmin||
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|/usr/local/sbin/lpc||
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|/usr/local/sbin/lpinfo||
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|/usr/local/sbin/lpmove||
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|/usr/local/sbin/mate-display-properties-install-systemwide||
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|/usr/local/sbin/mate-power-backlight-helper||
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|/usr/local/sbin/mke2fs||
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|/usr/local/sbin/mkfs.ext2||
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|/usr/local/sbin/mkfs.ext3||
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|/usr/local/sbin/mkfs.ext4||
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|/usr/local/sbin/mklost+found||
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|/usr/local/sbin/mkntfs||
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|/usr/local/sbin/nmbd||
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|/usr/local/sbin/ntfsclone||
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|/usr/local/sbin/ntfscp||
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|/usr/local/sbin/ntfslabel||
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|/usr/local/sbin/ntfsrecover||
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|/usr/local/sbin/ntfsresize||
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|/usr/local/sbin/ntfsundelete||
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|/usr/local/sbin/ownership||
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|/usr/local/sbin/paperconfig||
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|/usr/local/sbin/pc-sysinstall||
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|/usr/local/sbin/pkg||
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|/usr/local/sbin/pkg-static||
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|/usr/local/sbin/pluginviewer||
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|/usr/local/sbin/reject||
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|/usr/local/sbin/resize2fs||
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|/usr/local/sbin/rrsync||
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|/usr/local/sbin/samba||
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|/usr/local/sbin/samba_dnsupdate||
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|/usr/local/sbin/samba_kcc||
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|/usr/local/sbin/samba_spnupdate||
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|/usr/local/sbin/samba_upgradedns||
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|/usr/local/sbin/samba-gpupdate||
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|/usr/local/sbin/saned||
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|/usr/local/sbin/sasldblistusers2||
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|/usr/local/sbin/saslpasswd2||
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|/usr/local/sbin/slick-greeter||
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|/usr/local/sbin/smbd||
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|/usr/local/sbin/snmpd||
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|/usr/local/sbin/snmptrapd||
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|/usr/local/sbin/start-stop-daemon||
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|/usr/local/sbin/tcsd||
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|/usr/local/sbin/tcsd_emu||
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|/usr/local/sbin/tune2fs||
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|/usr/local/sbin/uuidd||
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|/usr/local/sbin/visudo||
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|/usr/local/sbin/vpddecode||
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|/usr/local/sbin/webcamd||
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|/usr/local/sbin/winbindd||
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|/usr/local/sbin/xfce4-kiosk-query||

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[[Category:Sysutils]]