Editing /usr/sbin/

{{Welcome}}
{{Navbar System Administation Utilities}}

==Introduction==
Here you will find a lot of small applications, you don't find on your desktop task bar. No starter is there but on your computer. You can use them only on the cli. All commands are connected to the man pages. So you can read how to use them.

==Content==


{|class="wikitable" style="width:96.5%;background:#FFFFFF; border:2px solid #008000;text-align:left;padding: 10px" 
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;"|'''Utility'''
! scope="col" style="width: 350px;"|'''Description'''
|-
|/usr/sbin/ac||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ac&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ac] -- connect time	accounting; If	the file /var/log/utx.log exists, a record of individual login and logout times	are written to it by [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=login&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports login(1)] and [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=init&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports init(8)], respectively.  The     ac	utility	examines these records and writes the accumulated connect time     (in hours)	for all	logins to the standard output.

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|/usr/sbin/accton||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=accton&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html accton] utility	is used	for switching system accounting	on or off.
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|/usr/sbin/acpiconf||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpiconf&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html acpiconf] utility allows the user control of the ACPI power management functions.	
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|/usr/sbin/acpidb||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpidb&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html acpidb] utility	is a debugger for the ACPI DSDT.  It can parse and execute various AML methods and display the result.
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|/usr/sbin/acpidump||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acpidump&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html acpidump] utility analyzes ACPI	tables in physical memory and can dump    them to a file.
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|/usr/sbin/adduser||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adduser&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html adduser] utility is a shell script, implemented	around the [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pw&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports pw(8)] command, for adding new users.  It creates passwd/group entries, a home directory, copies dotfiles and sends	the new	user a welcome message.	 It     supports two modes	of operation.  It may be used interactively at the
command line to add one user at a time, or	it may be directed to get the list of new users from a file and operate in batch	mode without requiring   any user interaction.
|-
|/usr/sbin/amd||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html amd] -- automatically mount	file systems; ''This daemon is obsolete.  Users are advised to use	[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=autofs&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html autofs(5)] instead.''
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|/usr/sbin/amq||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amq&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html amq] -- automounter	query tool; The amq utility provides a	simple way of determining the current state of  the [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html amd(8)]	program.  Communication	is by RPC.  Three modes	of operation  are supported by the current protocol.  By	default	a list of mount	points  and automounted file systems is output.  An alternative host can be     specified using the -h option.
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|/usr/sbin/ancontrol||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ancontrol&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ancontrol] -- configure Aironet 4500/4800 devices; The ancontrol utility controls the	operation of Aironet wireless networking devices via the an(4) driver.	Most of	the parameters that can	be     changed relate to the IEEE	802.11 protocol	which the Aironet cards	imple ment.  This includes such things as the station name, whether the station   is	operating in ad-hoc (point to point) or	infrastructure mode, and the     network name of a service set to join.  The ancontrol utility can also be    used to view the current NIC status, configuration	and to dump out	the     values of the card's statistics counters.
|-
|/usr/sbin/apm||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=apm&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html apm] -- control the	APM BIOS and display its information; The apm utility controls the Intel	/ Microsoft APM	(Advanced Power	Man     agement) BIOS and displays	the current status of APM on laptop PCs.
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|/usr/sbin/arp||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=arp&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html arp] utility displays and modifies the Internet-to-Ethernet address      translation tables	used by	the address resolution protocol	([https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=arp&sektion=4&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports arp(4)]).     With no flags, the	program	displays the current ARP entry for hostname.     The host may be specified by name or by number, using Internet dot	notation.
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|/usr/sbin/ath3kfw||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ath3kfw&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ath3kfw] --	firmware download utility for Atheros AR3011/AR3012 chip based    Bluetooth USB devices; This utility will only work with Atheros AR3011 and AR3012	chip based Bluetooth USB devices.  The identification	is currently based on USB vendor ID/product ID pair.

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|/usr/sbin/audit||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=audit&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html audit] utility controls	the state of the audit system.
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|/usr/sbin/auditd||The auditd	[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=auditd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html daemon] responds	to requests from the [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=audit&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html audit(8)] utility and notifications from the kernel.  It manages the resulting audit log files    and specified log file locations.
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|/usr/sbin/auditdistd||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=auditdistd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html auditdistd] daemon is responsible for distributing audit trail files  over a TCP/IP network in a	secure and reliable way.

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|/usr/sbin/auditreduce||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=auditreduce&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html auditreduce] utility selects records from the audit trail files	based    on	the specified criteria.	 Matching audit	records	are printed to the     standard output in	their raw binary form.	
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|/usr/sbin/authpf||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=authpf&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html authpf] is a user shell for	authenticating gateways.  It is	used to	change [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports   pf(4)] rules when a	user authenticates and starts a	session	with [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports sshd(8)]     and to undo these changes when the	user's session exits. 
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|/usr/sbin/authpf-noip||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=authpf&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html authpf-noip] is a user shell which allows multiple connections to take    place from	the same IP address.
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|/usr/sbin/automount||When called without options, the [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=automount&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html automount] command	parses the      [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=auto_master&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports auto_master(5)] configuration file and any direct maps that	it references,     and mounts	or unmounts [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=autofs&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports autofs(5)] filesystems to match. 
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|/usr/sbin/automountd||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=automountd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html automountd] daemon is responsible for handling autofs(5) mount requests, parsing maps, and mounting	filesystems they specify. 
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|/usr/sbin/autounmountd||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=autounmountd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html autounmountd] -- daemon unmounting automounted filesystems
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|/usr/sbin/base-update||
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|/usr/sbin/bcmfw||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bcmfw&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html bcmfw] -- firmware download	utility	for Broadcom BCM2033 chip based	Bluetooth USB devices
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|/usr/sbin/bhyve||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bhyve&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html bhyve] is a	hypervisor that	runs guest operating systems inside a virtual      machine.

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|/usr/sbin/bhyvectl||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bhyvectl&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html bhyvectl] -- control utility for bhyve instances
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|/usr/sbin/bhyveload||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bhyveload&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html bhyveload] -- load a FreeBSD guest inside a	bhyve virtual machine
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|/usr/sbin/binmiscctl||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=binmiscctl&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html binmiscctl] utility is the management utility for configuring miscellaneous binaries image activators in the kernel.  It allows adding,
deleting, disabling, enabling, and	looking	up interpreters.
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|/usr/sbin/blacklistctl||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=blacklistctl&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html blacklistctl] -- display and change	the state of [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=blacklistd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html blacklistd]
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|/usr/sbin/blacklistd||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=blacklistd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html blacklistd] is a daemon similar to [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports syslogd(8)] that listens to sockets at      paths specified in	the sockpathsfile for notifications from other daemons     about successful or failed	connection attempts.
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|/usr/sbin/bluetooth-config||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bluetooth-config&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html bluetooth-config] utility is an	interactive script to provide a	frontend to the	complex	bluetooth sub system daemons.
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|/usr/sbin/boot0cfg||The FreeBSD [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=boot0cfg&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html `boot0'] boot manager permits the operator to select from    which disk	and slice an i386 machine (PC) is booted.
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|/usr/sbin/bootparamd|| The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bootparamd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html bootparamd] utility is a server	process	that provides information to    [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=diskless&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports diskless(8)] clients necessary for booting.	 It consults the     '' /etc/bootparams'' file.
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|/usr/sbin/bootpef||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bootpef&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html bootpef] utility builds	the Extension Path files described by RFC 1497     (tag 18).	If any client-name arguments are specified, then bootpef compiles the extension files for only	those clients.

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|/usr/sbin/bootptest||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bootptest&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html bootptest] utility sends BOOTP requests	to the host specified as     server-name at one-second intervals until either a	response is received,    or	until ten requests have	gone unanswered.  After	a response is received, bootptest will wait one more second listening for additional responses.
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|/usr/sbin/bsdconfig||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdconfig&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html bsdconfig] is used to set up many system configuration settings, both for new systems, as well as changing configuration settings of	existing systems.
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|/usr/sbin/bsdinstall||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdinstall&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html bsdinstall] is used	for installation of new	systems, both for system setup   from installation media, e.g., CD-ROMs, and for use on live systems to  prepare VM	images and jails.

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|/usr/sbin/bsnmpd||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsnmpd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html bsnmpd] daemon serves the internet SNMP	(Simple	Network	Management  Protocol).	 It is intended	to serve only the absolute basic MIBs and implement all other MIBs through loadable modules.  In this way the bsnmpd can be used in unexpected ways.

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|/usr/sbin/bt3cfw||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bt3cfw&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html bt3cfw]	utility	connects to the	specified Netgraph driver node of type      BTCCC and downloads the specified firmware	file.

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|/usr/sbin/bthidcontrol||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bthidcontrol&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html bthidcontrol] utility can be used to query remote Bluetooth HID	devices, dump HID descriptors in human readable form	and perform simple manipulations on the	Bluetooth HID daemon configuration files.
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|/usr/sbin/bthidd||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bthidd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html bthidd]	daemon handles remote Bluetooth	HID devices.
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|/usr/sbin/btpand||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=btpand&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html btpand] daemon handles Bluetooth Personal Area Networking services in the system.  It can operate in client mode	as a Personal Area Networking   User (PANU) or in server mode as Network Access Point (NAP), Group	ad-hoc     Network (GN) or PANU host.	 btpand	connects to the	system via a [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tap&sektion=4&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports tap(4)]     virtual Ethernet device and forwards Ethernet packets to remote Bluetooth     devices using the Bluetooth Network Encapsulation Protocol	(BNEP).
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|/usr/sbin/btxld||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=btxld&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html btxld] utility binds the specified client executable together with a     BTX loader	program	and the	BTX kernel, and	creates	a composite object     file suitable for loading during the boot process.
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|/usr/sbin/callbootd||
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|/usr/sbin/camdd||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=camdd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html camdd] utility is a sequential data transfer utility that offers standard [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=read&sektion=2&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports read(2)] and [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=write&sektion=2&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports write(2)] operation in addition to	a mode that uses the     asynchronous [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=write&sektion=2&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports pass(4)] API.	The asynchronous [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=write&sektion=2&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports pass(4)] API allows multiple     requests to be queued to a	device simultaneously.
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|/usr/sbin/cdcontrol||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdcontrol&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html cdcontrol] utility is a	program	to control audio features of a CD      drive.  The device	is a name such as cd0.
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|/usr/sbin/certctl||
|-[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chkgrp&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html chkgrp] utility	scans the given	file or, failing that, the system-wide     group file	for errors.  Specifically, it checks that every	non-blank,     non-comment entry is composed of four colon-separated fields, that	none     of	them contains whitespace, and that the third field (the	group ID) is     numeric.
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|/usr/sbin/chkprintcap||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chkprintcap&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html chkprintcap] utility scans a printcap(5) database (named by the      printcap argument,	or by default /etc/printcap), looking for entries    which are invalid in one way or another.
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|/usr/sbin/chown||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chown&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html chown] utility changes the user	ID and/or the group ID of the speci  fied files.  Symbolic links named by arguments are	silently left unchanged unless -h is used.
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|/usr/sbin/chroot||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chroot&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html chroot] utility	changes	its current and	root directories to the	supplied directory newroot and then exec's command, if supplied, or an interactive copy of the user's login	shell.

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|/usr/sbin/ckdist||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ckdist&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ckdist] utility	reads "checksum" files (which are assumed to specify    components	of a software distribution) and	verifies the integrity of the    distribution by validating	the checksum of	each component file.  Both MD5     (128-bit "message digest")	and .inf (32-bit CRC) checksum formats are     supported.
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|/usr/sbin/clear_locks||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clear_locks&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html clear_locks] command can be used to clear file locks held by an	NFS      client.  This should only be used to handle problems caused by an NFS  client crashing while holding locks and failing to	clear them itself when     it	reboots.
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|/usr/sbin/config||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html config] utility	builds a set of	system configuration files from	the      file SYSTEM_NAME which describes the system to configure.
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|/usr/sbin/cpucontrol||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpucontrol&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html cpucontrol] utility can	be used	to read	and write arbitrary machine-specific CPU registers via	the [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpuctl&sektion=4&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports cpuctl(4)] special device.  It can also be     used to apply CPU firmware	updates.

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|/usr/sbin/crashinfo||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crashinfo&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html crashinfo] utility analyzes a core dump	saved by [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=savecore&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports savecore(8)].  It generates a text file	containing the analysis	in the same directory as the   core dump.	 For a given core dump file named vmcore.XX the	generated text     file will be named	core.txt.XX.
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|/usr/sbin/cron||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html cron] utility should be	started	from ''/etc/rc'' or	''/etc/rc.local''.	It      will return immediately, so you do	not need to start it with '&'.
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|/usr/sbin/ctladm||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctladm&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ctladm	]utility	is designed to provide a way to	access and control the   CAM Target	Layer (CTL).  It provides a way	to send	SCSI commands to the     CTL layer,	and also provides some meta-commands that utilize SCSI commands. 
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|/usr/sbin/ctld||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctld&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ctld] daemon is	responsible for	managing the CAM Target	Layer configuration, accepting incoming	iSCSI connections, performing authentication     and passing connections to	the kernel part	of the native iSCSI target.
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|/usr/sbin/ctm||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctm&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ctm] utility was originally "Cvs Through eMail", but now instead it seems more	fitting	to call	it "Current Through eMail".

The ctm utility is	now meant to be	the definitive way to make and apply a     delta between two versions	of a directory tree.

|-
|/usr/sbin/ctm_dequeue||In	conjunction with the ctm(1) command, ctm_smail,	[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctm_dequeue&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ctm_dequeue] and [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctm_dequeue&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ctm_rmail] are used	to distribute changes to a source tree via email.  The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctm_dequeue&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html   ctm_smail] utility is given	a compressed ctm delta,	and a mailing list to    send it to.  It splits the	delta into manageable pieces, encodes them as     mail messages and sends them to the mailing list (optionally queued to     spread the	mail load).
|-
|/usr/sbin/ctm_rmail||In	conjunction with the ctm(1) command, ctm_smail,	[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctm_dequeue&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ctm_dequeue] and [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctm_dequeue&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html  ctm_rmail] are used	to distribute changes to a source tree via email.  The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctm_dequeue&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html   ctm_smail] utility is given	a compressed ctm delta,	and a mailing list to    send it to.  It splits the	delta into manageable pieces, encodes them as     mail messages and sends them to the mailing list (optionally queued to     spread the	mail load).
|-
|/usr/sbin/ctm_smail||In	conjunction with the ctm(1) command, ctm_smail,	[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctm_dequeue&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ctm_dequeue] and [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctm_dequeue&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html  ctm_rmail] are used	to distribute changes to a source tree via email.  The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctm_dequeue&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html   ctm_smail] utility is given	a compressed ctm delta,	and a mailing list to    send it to.  It splits the	delta into manageable pieces, encodes them as     mail messages and sends them to the mailing list (optionally queued to     spread the	mail load).
|-
|/usr/sbin/cxgbetool||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cxgbetool&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html cxgbetool] provides	command-line access to features	and debug facilities      exported by [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cxgbe&sektion=4&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports cxgbe(4)] via private ioctls.  The target nexus	device,     t4nex%d , is always the first argument.
|-
|/usr/sbin/daemon||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=daemon&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html daemon] utility	detaches itself	from the controlling terminal and executes the program specified by its	arguments.  Privileges may be lowered     to	the specified user.  The output	of the daemonized process may be redirected to syslog and to a log file.
|-
|/usr/sbin/dconschat||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dconschat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html dconschat] utility is designed to provide a way	for users to access [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dcons&sektion=4&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports   dcons(4)] (dumb console device) on a local or remote system.
|-
|devctl||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devctl&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html devctl] utility	adjusts	the state of individual	devices	in the kernel's internal device hierarchy.  Each invocation of devctl consists of a     single command followed by	command-specific arguments.  Each command operates on a single	device specified via the device	argument.
|-
|devinfo||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devinfo&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html devinfo] utility, without any arguments, shows the hierarchy of	devices available in	the system, starting from the "nexus" device.

|-
|diskinfo||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=diskinfo&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html diskinfo] utility prints out information about a disk device, and optionally runs a naive performance test on the device.

|-
|dtrace||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dtrace&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html DTrace] is a comprehensive dynamic tracing framework ported	from Solaris.  DTrace provides a powerful	infrastructure that permits administrators, developers, and service personnel to concisely answer arbitrary questions     about the behavior	of the operating system	and user programs.
|-
|dumpcis||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dumpcis&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html dumpcis] utility translates a raw CIS stream into human	readable form.
|-
|dwatch||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dwatch&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html dwatch]	utility	uses [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dtrace&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html dtrace(1)] to display process info when a given   DTrace probe point	is triggered.  Only the	root user or users with    [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sudo&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports sudo(8)] access can	run this command.

|-
|editmap||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=editmap&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html Editmap] queries or edits	one record in database maps used by the	 keyed       map  lookups  in	sendmail(8).  Arguments	are passed on the command line      and output (for queries)	is directed to standard	output.
|-
|edquota||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=edquota&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html edquota] utility is a quota editor.  By	default, or if the -u flag is   specified,	one or more users may be specified on the command line.	
|-
|efibootmgr||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=efibootmgr&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html efibootmgr] manipulates how	UEFI Boot Managers boot	the system.  Methods    of	booting	can be created and destroyed.  Boot methods can	be activated     or	deactivated.  The order	of boot	methods	tried can be changed. 
|-
|efidp||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=efidp&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html efidp] -- UEFI Device Path manipulation; This program converts "Unified Extensible Firmware	Interface" (UEFI) Device Paths, as defined in the UEFI	standard, to and from binary form.     Binary and	textual	forms are defined in Chapter 9 of the UEFI Specification.
|-
|efivar||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=efivar&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html efivar]-	Tool to	manipulate UEFI	variables
|-
|etcupdate||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=etcupdate&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html etcupdate] -- manage updates to system files not updated by	installworld; The etcupdate utility is a	tool for managing updates to files that	are  not updated as part of `make installworld'	such as	files in /etc.	It     manages updates by	doing a	three-way merge	of changes made	to these files     against the local versions.  It is	also designed to minimize the amount    of	user intervention with the goal	of simplifying upgrades	for clusters     of	machines.
|-
|extattrctl||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=extattrctl&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html extattrctl] utility is the management utility for extended attributes    over the UFS1 file	system.	 It allows the starting	and stopping of	extended attributes on a file system, as well as initialization of attri bute backing files, and enabling and disabling of specific	extended attributes on a file	system.
|-
|fdcontrol||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdcontrol&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html fdcontrol] -- display and modify floppy disk parameters
|-
|fdformat||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdformat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html fdformat] -- format	floppy disks
|-
|fdread||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdread&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html fdread] -- read floppy disks
|-
|fdwrite||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdwrite&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html fdwrite] --	format and write floppy	disks
|-
|fifolog_create||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fifolog_create&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html Fifologs] provide a	compact	round-robin circular storage for recording    text and binary information to permanent storage in a bounded and predictable fashion, time and	space wise.
|-
|fifolog_reader||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fifolog_create&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html Fifologs] provide a	compact	round-robin circular storage for recording    text and binary information to permanent storage in a bounded and predictable fashion, time and	space wise.
|-
|fifolog_writer||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fifolog_create&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html Fifologs] provide a	compact	round-robin circular storage for recording    text and binary information to permanent storage in a bounded and predictable fashion, time and	space wise.
|-
|fixmount||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fixmount&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html fixmount] utility is a variant of [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=showmount&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports showmount(8)] that can	delete bogus    mount entries in remote [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mountd&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports mountd(8)] daemons. The actions specified by the     options are performed for each host in turn.

|-
|flowctl||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=flowctl&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html flowctl] utility is intended to	control	the [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ng_netflow&sektion=4&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports ng_netflow(4)] nodes.
|-
|fmtree||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fmtree&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mtree] utility compares	the file hierarchy rooted in the current directory against a specification read from the standard input.  Messages    are written to the	standard output	for any	files whose characteristics do     not match the specifications, or which are	missing	from either the	file     hierarchy or the specification.
|-
|freebsd-update||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html freebsd-update] tool is	used to	fetch, install,	and rollback binary      updates to	the FreeBSD base system.
|-
|fsinfo||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsinfo&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html fsinfo] utility	takes a	set of system configuration information, and     generates a coordinated set of [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amd&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports amd(8)], [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports mount(8)] and [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mountd&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports mountd(8)] configuration files.
|-
|fstyp||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstyp&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html fstyp] utility is used to determine the	filesystem type	on a given device.  It can recognize ISO-9660, exFAT, Ext2, FAT, NTFS, and UFS filesystems. 
|-
|ftp-proxy||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp-proxy&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ftp-proxy] is a proxy for the Internet File	Transfer Protocol.  FTP	control connections should be	redirected into	the proxy using	the [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&sektion=4&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports pf(4)] rdr command, after which the proxy connects to	the server on behalf of	the
client.
|-
|fwcontrol||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fwcontrol&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html fwcontrol] utility is designed to provide a way	for users to access     and control the FreeBSD FireWire subsystem.  Without options, fwcontrol     will output a list	of devices that	are/were connected to the bus.
|-
|gensnmptree||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gensnmptree&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html gensnmptree] utility is	used to	either generate	C language tables and      header files from a MIB description or to numeric OIDs from MIB descriptions. 
|-
|/getextattr||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getextattr&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html getextattr, lsextattr, rmextattr, setextattr] -- manipulate	extended attributes; These utilities are user tools to manipulate the named extended attributes on files and directories.	
|-
|getfmac||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getfmac&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html getfmac] --	print MAC label	for a file system object
|-
|getpmac||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getpmac&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html getpmac] --	print process-related MAC labels
|-
|gpioctl||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gpioctl&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html gpioctl] utility could be used to manage GPIO pins from	userland and   list available pins.
|-
|gssd||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gssd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html gssd] -- Generic Security Services Daemon
|-
|gstat||The  [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gstat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html Ganglia  Status  Client (gstat)] connects with a Ganglia Monitoring Daemon (gmond) and outputs a load-balanced list of hosts
|-
|hccontrol||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hccontrol&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html hccontrol] -- Bluetooth HCI	configuration utility
|-
|hcsecd||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hcsecd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html hcsecd] -- control link keys and PIN codes for Bluetooth devices
|-
|hcseriald||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hcseriald&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html hcseriald] -- supervise serial Bluetooth devices

|-
|hlfsd||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hlfsd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html hlfsd] -- home-link	file system daemon. '''This daemon is obsolete.  Users are advised to use	[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=autofs&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html autofs(5)] instead.'''
|-
|hostapd||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hostapd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html hostapd] --	authenticator for IEEE 802.11 networks

|-
|hostapd_cli||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hostapd_cli&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports hostapd_cli] utility is	a text-based frontend program for interacting      with [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hostapd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html hostapd(8)].  It is used to query the current status.
|-
|hoststat||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hoststat&apropos=0&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html hoststat] sendmail, newaliases,  mailq,  purgestat,  smtpd - an electronic	mail transport agent
|-
|hv_kvp_daemon||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hv_kvp_daemon&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html hv_kvp_daemon] daemon provides the ability to store, retrieve, modify and delete	Key Value pairs	for FreeBSD guest partitions running on	Hyper-V.
|-
|hv_vss_daemon||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hv_vss_daemon&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html hv_vss_daemon] daemon provides the ability to freeze and thaw the file   system for	FreeBSD	guest partitions running on Hyper-V.
|-
|i2c||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=i2c&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html i2c] utility can be used to perform raw	data transfers (read or	write) with devices on the I2C bus. It can also scan the bus for available devices and reset the I2C controller.

|-
|iasl||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=iasl&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html iasl] -- Intel ACPI	compiler/decompiler

|-
|idprio||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=idprio&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rtprio]	utility	is used	for controlling	realtime process scheduling.
|-
|ifmcstat||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifmcstat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ifmcstat] command dumps	multicast group	information from the kernel.

|-
|inetd||The inetd utility should be run at	boot time by /etc/rc (see [[Rc|rc(8)]]). It then listens for connections on certain internet sockets.
|-
|iostat||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=iostat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html iostat]	utility	displays kernel	I/O statistics on terminal, device and cpu operations. 
|-
|iovctl||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=iovctl&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html iovctl] utility	creates	or destroys PCI	Single-Root I/O	Virtualization      (SR-IOV) Virtual Functions	(VFs).	When invoked with the -C flag, iovctl creates VFs as children of	the Physical Function (PF) configured in the specified configuration file.
|-
|ip6addrctl||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ip6addrctl&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ip6addrctl] -- configure address selection policy for IPv6 and IPv4

|-
|ipfwpcap||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfwpcap&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ipfwpcap] utility is used to copy diverted packets to a	file in [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports tcpdump(1)] format.	 The interesting packets are diverted by [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports ipfw(8)] to a   port on which ipfwpcap listens.  The packets are then dropped unless -r   is	used.
|-
|iprop-log||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=iprop-log&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html iprop-log] -- maintain the iprop log file

|-
|iscsid||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=iscsid&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html iscsid] daemon is the userspace	component of the iSCSI initiator, responsible for performing the Login	Phase of iSCSI connections and the   SendTargets discovery.
|-
|iwmbtfw||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=iwmbtfw&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html iwmbtfw] --	firmware download utility for Intel Wireless 8260/8265 chip based Bluetooth USB devices
|-
|jail||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jail&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html jail] utility creates new jails, or modifies or	removes	existing    jails.  It	can also print a list of configured jails and their parameters.  A jail (or "prison") is specified via parameters on	the command     line,
|-
|jexec||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jexec&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html jexec] -- execute a	command	inside an existing jail
|-
|jls||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jls&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html jls] lists the records and entries in a file system journal.   If	 inode        is  given,  then	 it will look there for	a journal.  Otherwise, it will       use the default location.  The output lists the	journal	 block	number       and a description.

|-
|kbdcontrol||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kbdcontrol&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html kbdcontrol]	-- keyboard control and	configuration utility
|-
|kbdmap||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kbdmap&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html kbdmap] utility	allows easy setting of available keymaps.  The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kbdmap&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html vidfont]  command allows the	setting	of fonts.  Both	examine	a database for the    keymaps and fonts.	 Descriptions are in English by	default, but may also     be	in other languages.  These programs are	interactive and	expect to run     in	a terminal to get required input (e.g.,	a keymap selection) from the
user.
|-
|keyserv||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=keyserv&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html keyserv] --	server for storing private encryption keys

|-
|kgmon||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kgmon&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html kgmon] utility is used when profiling the operating system.  When no on indicates the state of operating system     profiling as running, off,	or not configured.
|-
|kldxref||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kldxref&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html kldxref] utility is used to generate hint files	which list modules, their version numbers, and	the files that contain them.  These hints are    used by the kernel	loader to determine where to find a particular KLD    module.
|-
|kstash||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kstash&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html kstash] reads the Kerberos master key and stores it	in a file that will be   used by the KDC.
|-
|ktutil||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ktutil&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ktutil] -	Kerberos keytab	file maintenance utility
|-
|l2control||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=l2control&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html l2control] utility connects to the local device	with the specified     BD_ADDR or	name and attempts to send the specified	command.  The    l2control utility will print results to the standard output and error     messages to the standard error output.

|-
|l2ping||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=l2ping&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html l2ping] -- send L2CAP ECHO_REQUEST to remote devices
|-
|lastlogin||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lastlogin&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html lastlogin] -- indicate last	login time of users

|-
|local-unbound||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=local-unbound&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html unbound] - Local-unbound DNS validating resolver 1.8.1.

|-
|local-unbound-anchor||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=local-unbound-anchor&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html Local-unbound-anchor]  performs setup or update of the root trust	anchor        for DNSSEC validation.
|-
|local-unbound-checkconf||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=local-unbound-checkconf&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html local-unbound-checkconf] -  Check  local-unbound	configuration file for  errors.
|-
|local-unbound-control||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=local-unbound-control&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html local-unbound-control,  local-unbound-control-setup] - Local-unbound remote server control utility.
|-
|local-unbound-setup||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=local-unbound-control&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html local-unbound-control,  local-unbound-control-setup] - Local-unbound remote server control utility.
|-
|lockstat||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lockstat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html lockstat] -- report	kernel lock and	profiling statistics

|-
|lpc||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpc&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html lpc] -- line printer control program

|-
|lpd||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html lpd] -- line printer spooler daemon
|-
|lptcontrol||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lptcontrol&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html lptcontrol] -- a utility for manipulating the lpt printer driver

|-
|lptest||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lptest&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html lptest] utility	writes the traditional "ripple test" pattern on	standard output.
|-
|lsextattr||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getextattr&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html getextattr, lsextattr, rmextattr, setextattr] -- manipulate	extended attributes; These utilities are user tools to manipulate the named extended attributes on files and directories.	
|-
|mailstats||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mailstats&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mailstats] - display mail	statistics
|-
|mailwrapper||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mailwrapper&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mailwrapper] -- invoke appropriate MTA software based on configuration  file
|-
|makefs||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=makefs&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html makefs] -- create a	file system image from a directory tree	or a mtree    manifest
|-
|makemap||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=makemap&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html makemap] - create	database maps for sendmail

|-
|manctl||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=manctl&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html manctl]	utility	compress or uncompress manual pages in directory path.
|-
|memcontrol||A number of supported system architectures	allow the behaviour of the CPU     cache to be programmed to behave differently depending on the region being written.

The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=memcontrol&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html memcontrol] utility provides an	interface to this facility, allowing    CPU cache behavior	to be altered for ranges of system physical memory.
|-
|mergemaster||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mergemaster&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mergemaster] utility is	a Bourne shell script which is designed	to aid      you in updating the various configuration and other files associated with     FreeBSD.  It is HIGHLY recommended	that you back up your ''/etc directory ''    before beginning this process.
|-
|mfiutil||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mfiutil&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mfiutil] --	Utility	for managing LSI MegaRAID SAS controllers

|-
|mixer||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mixer&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mixer] - Volume mixer
|-
|mk-amd-map||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mk-amd-map&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mk-amd-map] utility creates the	database maps used by the keyed	map     lookups in	[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amd&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports amd(8)].	 It reads input	from the named file and	outputs	them    to	a correspondingly named	hashed database.
|-
|mld6query||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mld6query&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mld6query] utility sends an IPv6 multicast listener discovery (MLD)      query packet toward the specified multicast address, maddr, toward	interface intface.
|-
|mlx5tool|| The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mlx5tool&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mlx5tool] utility is provided for management of	the Connect-X4,	5 and    6 network adapters	in the aspects not covered by the generic [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports ifconfig(8)]     command, mostly related to	the PCIe attachment and	internal card working.     The utility executes commands on specific adapter,	which is addressed using device:bus:slot:function conventions of the PCIe buses. 
|-
|mlxcontrol||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mlxcontrol&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mlxcontrol]	-- Mylex DAC-family RAID management utility
|-
|mount_smbfs||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_smbfs&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mount_smbfs] -- mount a shared resource from an SMB	file server
|-
|mountd||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mountd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mountd] -- service remote NFS mount	requests
|-
|moused||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=moused&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html moused] utility	and the	console	driver work together to	support	mouse   operation in the text console and user programs.  They virtualize the  mouse and provide user programs with mouse	data in	the standard format     (see [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysmouse&sektion=4&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports sysmouse(4)]).
|-
|mprutil||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mprutil&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mpsutil] utility can be	used to	display	or modify various parameters    on	LSI Fusion-MPS 2 controllers. The mprutil utility can be	used to	display	or modify various parameters      on	LSI Fusion-MPS 3 controllers.

|-
|mpsutil||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mprutil&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mpsutil] utility can be	used to	display	or modify various parameters    on	LSI Fusion-MPS 2 controllers. The mprutil utility can be	used to	display	or modify various parameters      on	LSI Fusion-MPS 3 controllers.
|-
|mptable||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mptable&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mptable] command finds and analyzes the	MP configuration table on an      Intel(tm) MP spec capable motherboard.  It	is useful for debugging	an SMP     kernel that will not boot,	as well	as examining the configuration of a
system.  It can be	run with a UniProcessor	kernel.
|-
|mptutil||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mptutil&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mptutil] --	Utility	for managing LSI Fusion-MPT controllers
|-
|mtest||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtest&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mtest] -- test multicast socket operations

|-
|mtree||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mtree] -- map a directory hierarchy
|-
|ndis_events||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ndis_events&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ndis_events]   utility listens for events	generated by an	[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ndis&sektion=4&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports ndis(4)] wireless network driver and relays them to [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wpa_supplicant&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports wpa_supplicant(8)] for possible processing. 
|-
|ndiscvt||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ndiscvt&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ndiscvt] utility transforms a Windows(R) NDIS driver into a data file   which is used to build an [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ndis&sektion=4&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports ndis(4)] compatibility driver module.
|-
|ndisgen||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ndisgen&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ndisgen] --	generate a FreeBSD driver module from a	Windows(R) NDIS	driver   distribution
|-
|ndp||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ndp&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ndp] -- control/diagnose IPv6 neighbor discovery protocol
|-
|newsyslog||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newsyslog&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html newsyslog] -- maintain system log files to manageable sizes
|-
|nfscbd||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nfscbd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html nfscbd] runs on a client using NFSv4 to handle callback requests from the NFSv4 server. 
|-
|nfsd||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nfsd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html nfsd] -- remote NFS	server
|-
|nfsdumpstate||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nfsdumpstate&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html nfsdumpstate] displays open/lock state for the NFSv4 client	and server in   the experimental nfs subsystem.
|-
|nfsrevoke||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nfsrevoke&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html nfsrevoke] -- revoke NFS V4	client
|-
|nfsuserd||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nfsuserd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html nfsuserd] -- load user and group information into the kernel for NFSv4      services plus support manage-gids for all NFS versions

|-
|ngctl||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ngctl&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ngctl] utility creates a new netgraph node of type socket which	can be   used to issue netgraph commands.  If no -f	flag is	given, no command is     supplied on the command line, and standard	input is a tty,	ngctl will enter interactive mode.  Otherwise ngctl will execute the supplied command(s) and exit immediately.
|-
|nghook||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nghook&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html nghook] utility	creates	a ng_socket(4) socket type node	and connects      it	to hook	hookname of the	node found at path.  If	hookname is omitted,    "debug" is	assumed.
|-
|nmtree||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nmtree&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mtree] -- map a directory hierarchy
|-
|nologin||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nologin&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html nologin] utility displays a message that an account is not available     and exits non-zero.  It is	intended as a replacement shell	field for accounts that have been disabled.
|-
|nscd||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nscd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html nscd] utility is the system caching daemon.  It	can cache almost all    types of data and is basically intended to	be used	with the nsswitch subsystem.
|-
|ntp-keygen||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ntp-keygen&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ntp-keygen] -- Create a NTP	host key
|-
|ntpd||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ntpd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ntpd] utility is an operating system daemon which sets and maintains     the system	time of	day in synchronism with	Internet standard time     servers.
|-
|ntpdate||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ntpdate&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ntpdate] --	set the	date and time via NTP
|-
|ntpdc||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ntpdc&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ntpdc] -- vendor-specific NTPD control program
|-
|ntptime||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ntptime&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ntptime] utility is useful only	with special kernels described in the      "A	Kernel Model for Precision Timekeeping"	page (available	as part	of the     HTML documentation	provided in ''/usr/share/doc/ntp''). 
|-
|pac||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pac&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html pac] -- printer/plotter accounting information
|-
|'''[[Pc-sysinstall|pc-sysinstall]]'''||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pc-sysinstall&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html pc-sysinstall] utility is a hybrid backend for installing FreeBSD.      When run in install mode it takes a configuration file and	performs an     installation according to the parameters specified	in the configuration file.  When called	with one of the	system query commands it provides information about the system	to aid a front end in building an appropriate    configuration file.
|-
|pciconf||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pciconf&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html pciconf] --	diagnostic utility for the PCI bus
|-
|periodic||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=periodic&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html periodic] -- run periodic system functions
|-
|'''[[Pkg|pkg]]'''||pkg provides an interface for manipulating	packages: registering, adding,  removing and upgrading packages.  pkg-static is a statically linked variant of pkg	typically only used for	the initial installation of pkg.   There are some differences	in functionality. 
|-
|plockstat||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=plockstat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html plockstat] utility traces pthread locks	(mutexes and rwlocks) and    prints statistics about them.  You	can use	plockstat to investigate bottlenecks in your software.
|-
|pmc||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pmc&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html The Performance Counters Library] (libpmc, -lpmc) provides a programming    interface that allows applications	to use hardware	performance counters  to gather performance data	about specific processes or for	the system as
a whole.
|-
|pmcannotate||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pmcannotate&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html pmcannotate] utility can produce both C	sources	or assembly sources of a program with a line-by-line based profiling.
|-
|pmccontrol||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pmccontrol&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html pmccontrol] utility controls the operation of the system's hardware performance monitoring counters.

|-
|pmcstat||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pmcstat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html pmcstat] --	performance measurement	with performance monitoring hardware

|-
|pnfsdscopymr||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pnfsdscopymr&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html pnfsdscopymr] -- copy or move a data storage file for a MDS	file to	a different DS
|-
|pnfsdsfile||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pnfsdsfile&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html pnfsdsfile]	-- display a pNFS data storage file's location(s) and/or modify the "pnfsd.dsfile" extended attribute for them

|-
|pnfsdskill||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pnfsdskill&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html pnfsdskill] command disables one DS when mirroring is enabled.	If one    mirrored DS is malfunctioning, a system administrator may use this	command on the metadata server (MDS) to disable use of this mirror.
|-
|portsnap||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=portsnap&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html portsnap] -- fetch and extract compressed snapshots	of the ports tree Attantion: Do not use it with GhostBSD, see [[Ports]]
|-
|powerd||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=powerd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html powerd]	utility	monitors the system state and sets various power control options accordingly.	It offers power-saving modes that can be individually selected for operation on	AC power or batteries.
|-
|ppp||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ppp] -- Point to Point Protocol (a.k.a. user-ppp)
|-
|pppctl||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pppctl&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html pppctl] -- PPP control program
|-
|praliases||The  [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=praliases&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html praliases]  utility	displays  the  current system aliases, one per    line, in	no particular order.  The special internal @:@ alias  will  be       displayed if present.
|-
|praudit||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=praudit&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html praudit] --	print the contents of audit trail files

|-
|prometheus_sysctl_exporter||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=prometheus_sysctl_exporter&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html prometheus_sysctl_exporter] -- print kernel	state as Prometheus metrics
|-
|pstat||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pstat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html pstat, swapinfo] --	display	system data structures; The pstat utility displays open file entry, swap space utilization, terminal state, and vnode data structures.  If	invoked	as swapinfo the	-s option is implied, and only the -k, -m, -g,     and -h options are	legal.

|-
|purgestat||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hoststat&apropos=0&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html purgestat] sendmail, newaliases,  mailq,   hoststat,   smtpd - an electronic	mail transport agent
|-
|pw||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pw&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html pw] -- create, remove, modify & display system users and groups
|-
|pwd_mkdb||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pwd_mkdb&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html pwd_mkdb] -- generate the password databases

|-
|pwm||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pwm&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html PWM]  is	a  rather  lightweight	window	manager	that can have multiple       client windows attached to a single frame. This feature	helps  keeping       windows,	especially the numerous	xterms,	organized.
|-
|quot||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=quot&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html quot] -- display disk space	occupied by each user
|-
|quotaoff||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=quotaoff&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html quotaon, quotaoff] -- turn file system quotas on and off
|-
|quotaon||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=quotaoff&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html quotaon, quotaoff] -- turn file system quotas on and off
|-
|rarpd||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rarpd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rarpd] utility services	Reverse	ARP requests on	the Ethernet connected   to	interface.
|-
|repquota||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=repquota&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html repquota] utility prints a summary of the disk usage and quotas	for      the specified file	systems.
|-
|rfcomm_pppd||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rfcomm_pppd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rfcomm_pppd] daemon is a simple	wrapper	daemon that allows the use of   [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppp&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports ppp(8)] via	an RFCOMM connection.  It can operate in two modes: client and      server.
|-
|rip6query||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rip6query&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rip6query] utility requests remote RIPng daemon	on destination to dump      RIPng routing information.	 -I lets you specify outgoing interface	for     the query packet, and is useful when link-local address is	specified for
destination.
|-
|rmextattr||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getextattr&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html getextattr, lsextattr, rmextattr, setextattr] -- manipulate	extended attributes; These utilities are user tools to manipulate the named extended attributes on files and directories.	
|-
|rmt||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmt&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rmt] -- remote magtape protocol module
|-
|rmuser||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rmuser&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rmuser]	utility	removes	one or more users submitted on the command line or from a file.
|-
|route6d||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=route6d&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html route6d] utility is a routing daemon which supports RIP	over IPv6.

|-
|rpc.lockd||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpc.lockd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rpc.lockd] -- NFS file locking daemon
|-
|rpc.statd||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpc.statd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rpc.statd] -- host status monitoring daemon
|-
|rpc.umntall||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpc.umntall&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rpc.umntall] -- notify NFS servers about unmounted NFS file	systems
|-
|rpc.yppasswdd||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpc.yppasswdd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rpc.yppasswdd] -- server for updating NIS passwords
|-
|rpc.ypupdated||
|-
|rpc.ypxfrd||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpc.ypxfrd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rpc.ypxfrd] -- NIS map transfer server
|-
|rpcbind||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpcbind&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rpcbind] --	universal addresses to RPC program number mapper
|-
|rrenumd||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rrenumd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rrenumd] --	router renumbering daemon

|-
|rtadvctl||
|-
|rtadvd||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rtadvd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rtadvd] -- router advertisement daemon
|-
|rtprio||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rtprio&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html  rtprio, idprio] -- execute,	examine	or modify a utility's or process's realtime or idletime	scheduling priority
|-
|rtsold||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rtsold&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rtsold, rtsol] -- router solicitation daemon
|-
|rwhod||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rwhod&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rwhod] -- system status server

|-
|sa||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sa&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html sa] utility reports on, cleans up, and generally maintains system accounting files.
|-
|sade||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sade&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html sade] utility is used for various disk administration tasks on FreeBSD systems.
|-
|sdpcontrol||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sdpcontrol&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html sdpcontrol] utility attempts to	query the specified Service Discovery   Protocol (SDP) server.  Remote SDP	servers	are identified by their	address.
|-
|sdpd||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sdpd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html sdpd]-- Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol daemon
|-
|sendmail||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hoststat&apropos=0&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html sendmail], newaliases,  mailq,   hoststat,  purgestat,  smtpd - an electronic	mail transport agent
|-
|service||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=service&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html service] command is an easy interface to the '''[[Rc.d|rc.d]]''' system.  Its primary    purpose is	to start and stop services provided by the '''[[Rc.d|rc.d]]'''	scripts.  When      used for this purpose it will set the same	restricted environment that is     in	use at boot time (see ENVIRONMENT).  It	can also be used to list the     scripts using various criteria.
|-
|services_mkdb||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=services_mkdb&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html services_mkdb] utility creates a [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=db&sektion=3&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports db(3)] database	for the	specified      file.  If no file is specified, then /etc/services	is used.  The database    is	installed into /var/db/services.db.  The file must be in the correct    format (see [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=service&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html services(5)])
|-
|sesutil||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sesutil&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html sesutil] utility can be	used to	query and modify various parameter of SCSI Enclosure Services (SES) devices.
|-
|setextattr||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getextattr&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html getextattr, lsextattr, rmextattr, setextattr] -- manipulate	extended attributes; These utilities are user tools to manipulate the named extended attributes on files and directories.	
|-
|setfib||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setfib&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html setfib]	utility	runs another utility with a different routing table.  The table number fib will be used by default for all sockets started by  this process or descendants.

|-
|setfmac||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setfmac&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html setfmac] utility assigns the specified MAC label to the	specified  files.
|-
|setfsmac||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setfsmac&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html setfsmac] utility accepts a list of specification files	as input and   sets the MAC labels on the	specified file system hierarchies.  Path names   specified will be visited in order	as given on the	command	line, and each     tree will be traversed in pre-order.  (Generally, it will not be very     useful to use relative paths instead of absolute paths.)  Multiple	entries matching a single file will be combined and applied in a single   transaction.
|-
|setpmac||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setpmac&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html setpmac] utility forks a new process, attempts to set the label	to  label and if successful, runs command.
|-
|smbmsg||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=smbmsg&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html smbmsg] -- send or receive messages	over an	SMBus
|-
|snapinfo||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snapinfo&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html snapinfo] utility searches and displays	the location of	snapshots on   UFS file systems.
|-
|sntp||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sntp&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html sntp] -- standard Simple Network Time Protocol client program
|-
|spi||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=spi&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html spi] -- communicate	on SPI bus with	slave devices

|-
|spkrtest||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=spkrtest&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html spkrtest] utility is an	easy to	use test script	for the	speaker     driver.
|-
|spray||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=spray&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html spray] utility sends multiple RPC packets to host and records how many  of	them were correctly received and how long it took.
|-
|sshd||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sshd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html sshd] (OpenSSH Daemon) is the daemon program for [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports ssh(1)].  Together these    programs replace rlogin and rsh, and provide secure encrypted communications between two untrusted hosts over an insecure	network.
|-
|swapinfo||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pstat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html pstat, swapinfo] --	display	system data structures; The pstat utility displays open file entry, swap space utilization, terminal state, and vnode data structures.  If	invoked	as swapinfo the	-s option is implied, and only the -k, -m, -g,     and -h options are	legal.

|-
|syslogd||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syslogd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html syslogd] utility reads and logs	messages to the	system console,	log      files, other machines and/or users	as specified by	its configuration     file.
|-
|sysrc||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysrc&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html sysrc] utility retrieves [[Rc.conf|rc.conf(5)]] variables from the collection of    system rc files and allows	processes with appropriate privilege to	change    values in a safe and effective manner.

|-
|tcpdchk||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdchk&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html tcpdchk] examines your tcp wrapper configuration	and reports all	potential and	real problems it can find. The program examines	the  tcpd  access   control  files  (by  default,  these  are	 /etc/hosts.allow  and /etc/hosts.deny), and compares the entries in these files  against  entries in	the inetd or tlid network configuration	files.
|-
|tcpdmatch||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdmatch&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html tcpdmatch]  predicts how the tcp wrapper would handle a specific request    for service.
|-
|tcpdrop||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdrop&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html tcpdrop] command may be	used to	drop TCP connections from the command line.
|-
|tcpdump||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcpdump&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html Tcpdump] prints	out a description of the contents of packets on	a network interface that match the boolean expression;  the  description  is     preceded	 by a time stamp, printed, by default, as hours, minutes, seconds, and fractions of a	second since midnight.
|-
|timed||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=timed&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html timed] utility is a time server	daemon which is	normally invoked at     boot time from the	[[Rc.conf|rc.conf]](5) file.  It synchronizes the host's time with  the time of other machines, which are also	running	timed, in a local area    network. 
|-
|timedc||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=timedc&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html timedc] utility	is used	to control the operation of the	[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=timed&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html timed(8)] program.
|-
|traceroute||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=traceroute&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html traceroute]-- print the route packets take	to network host; The Internet is a large and complex aggregation of	network	hardware, connected together by	gateways.  Tracking the	route one's packets follow (or   finding the miscreant gateway that's discarding your packets) can be difficult.
|-
|traceroute6||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=traceroute6&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html traceroute6] -- print the route IPv6 packets will take to a	network	node
|-
|trim||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=trim&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html trim] utility erases specified region of the device.  It is mostly relevant for storage that implement trim (like flash based, or thinly
provisioned storage).
|-
|trpt||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=trpt&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html trpt] -- transliterate protocol trace

|-
|tzsetup||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tzsetup&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html tzsetup] utility reads a database of timezone information and presents    a menu allowing the user to select	a specific zone	without	knowing	the    details of	the database layout. 
|-
|uathload||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uathload&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html uathload] utility provides a way to load the firmware for Atheros USB    wireless devices with AR5005UG and	AR5005UX chipsets.

|-
|uefisign||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uefisign&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html uefisign] utility signs	PE binary files	using Authenticode scheme, as      required by UEFI Secure Boot specification.  Alternatively, it can	be     used to view and verify existing signatures. 
|-
|ugidfw||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ugidfw&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ugidfw] -- firewall-like access controls for file system objects

|-
|uhsoctl||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uhsoctl&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html uhsoctl] is	a small	connection utility for Option N.V. devices that	are   based on Options packet interface and uses	proprietary AT_* calls to establish connections.
|-
|usbconfig|| The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=usbconfig&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html usbconfig] utility is used to configure	and dump information about the    USB subsystem.
|-
|usbdump||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=usbdump&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html usbdump] --	dump traffic on	USB host controller
|-
|utx||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=utx&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html utx] -- manage the user accounting database

|-
|valectl||
|-
|vidcontrol||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vidcontrol&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html vidcontrol]	-- system console control and configuration utility

|-
|vidfont||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kbdmap&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html kbdmap] utility	allows easy setting of available keymaps.  The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kbdmap&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html vidfont]  command allows the	setting	of fonts.  Both	examine	a database for the    keymaps and fonts.	 Descriptions are in English by	default, but may also     be	in other languages.  These programs are	interactive and	expect to run     in	a terminal to get required input (e.g.,	a keymap selection) from the
user.
|-
|vigr||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vigr&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html vigr] utility makes a temporary	copy of	the group file,	allows the  user to edit it, then verifies that the edited file is valid before installing it.
|-
|vipw||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html vipw] utility edits the	password file after setting the	appropriate     locks, and	does any necessary processing after the	password file is unlocked.
|-
|wake||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wake&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html wake] program is used to send Wake on LAN (WoL)	frames over a local      Ethernet network to one or	more hosts using their link layer (hardware)    addresses.	
|-
|watch||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=watch&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html watch] utility allows the user to examine all data coming through a   specified tty using the [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snp&sektion=4&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports snp(4)] device.  If	the [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=snp&sektion=4&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports snp(4)] device is not    available,	watch will attempt to load the module (snp).  The watch	utility writes	to standard output.
|-
|watchdog||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=watchdog&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html watchdog] utility can be used to control the kernel's watchdog facility.
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|watchdogd||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=watchdogd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html watchdogd] utility interfaces with the kernel's	watchdog facility to  ensure that the system is in a working state.  If watchdogd is unable to  interface with the	kernel over a specific timeout,	the kernel will	take    actions to	assist in debugging or restarting the computer.
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|wire-test||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wire-test&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html wire-test] -- test your network interfaces and local IP address. '''This command is obsolete.	Users are advised to use autofs(5) instead.'''
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|wlandebug||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wlandebug&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html wlandebug] command is a	tool for enabling and disabling	debugging messages in the wlan(4) module.  Running wlandebug without any options will   display the current messages enabled for the specified network interface  (by default, ``wlan0').  The default debugging level for new interfaces     can be set	by specifying the -d option.  When run as the super-user     wlandebug can be used to enable and/or disable debugging messages.
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|wpa_cli||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wpa_cli&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html wpa_cli] utility is a text-based frontend program for interacting with  [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wpa_supplicant&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports wpa_supplicant(8)].	 It is used to query current status, change configuration, trigger events, and request interactive user	input.
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|wpa_passphrase||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wpa_passphrase&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html wpa_passphrase] -- utility for generating a	256-bit	pre-shared WPA key   from an ASCII passphrase

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|wpa_supplicant||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wpa_supplicant&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports wpa_supplicant(8)] utility	is an implementation of	the WPA	Supplicant      component,	i.e., the part that runs in the	client stations.  It implements WPA key negotiation with a WPA Authenticator	and EAP	authentication  with an Authentication Server.  In	addition, wpa_supplicant controls the     roaming and IEEE 802.11 authentication/association	support	of the [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wlan&sektion=4&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports wlan(4)]     module and	can be used to configure static	WEP keys based on identified     networks.
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|yp_mkdb||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=yp_mkdb&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html yp_mkdb] --	generate the NIS databases

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|ypbind||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ypbind&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ypbind] -- NIS domain binding daemon
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|ypinit||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ypinit&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ypinit] -- build and install NIS databases

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|ypldap||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ypldap&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ypldap] -- YP map server using LDAP	backend

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|yppoll||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=yppoll&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html yppoll] -- ask version of NIS map from NIS server
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|yppush||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=yppush&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html yppush] -- force propagation of updated NIS	databases

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|ypserv||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ypserv&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ypserv] -- NIS database server

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|ypset||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ypset&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ypset] -- tell [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ypbind&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports ypbind(8)] which NIS server process to use
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|zdb||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zdb&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html zdb] -- display zpool debugging and	consistency information

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|zdump||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zdump&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html zdump] -- timezone dumper
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|zfsd||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zfsd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html zfsd] -- ZFS fault management daemon
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|zhack||
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|zic||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zic&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html zic] -- timezone compiler
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|zonectl||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zonectl&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html zonectl] --	Shingled Magnetic Recording Zone Control utility
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|zzz||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zzz&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html zzz] utility checks for	ACPI or	APM support and	then suspends the system appropriately.	

|}


[[Category:Sysutils]]