Editing Directory Structure

{{Welcome}}
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==Introduction==

The Ghost/<q>FreeBSD directory hierarchy is fundamental to obtaining an overall understanding of the system. The most important directory is root or, “/”. This directory is the first one mounted at boot time and it contains the base system necessary to prepare the operating system for multi-user operation. The root directory also contains mount points for other file systems that are mounted during the transition to multi-user operation.</q> Source: [https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/dirstructure.html FreeBSD Handbook Chapter: 3.5. Directory Structure]

A mount point is a directory where additional file systems can be connected to a parent file system. This is further described in FreeBSD Handbook Section 3.6, [https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/disk-organization.html “Disk Organization”]. 

See also [[Standard Mount Points]].


==Directory Structure==

At the first step we have to copy the Directory Structure from [https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/dirstructure.html FreeBSD Handbook chapter: 3.5. Directory Structure] in the following table.
We use also [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hier&sektion=7&manpath=freebsd-release-ports hier(7). From here we will get deeper.

{|class="wikitable" style="width:96.5%;background:#FFFFFF; border:2px solid #008000;text-align:left;padding: 10px" 
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;"|'''Directory'''
! scope="col" style="width: 350px;"|'''Description'''
|-
|/	
|Root directory of the file system.
|-
|/bin/	
|User utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments.
|-
|/boot/	
|Programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap.
|-
|/boot/defaults/	
|Default boot configuration files. Refer to loader.conf(5) for details.
|-
|/dev/	
|Device nodes. Refer to intro(4) for details.
|-
|/etc/	
|System configuration files and scripts.
|-
|/etc/defaults/	
|Default system configuration files. Refer to rc(8) for details.
|-
|/etc/mail/	
|Configuration files for mail transport agents such as sendmail(8).
|-
|/etc/periodic/	
|Scripts that run daily, weekly, and monthly, via cron(8). Refer to periodic(8) for details.
|-
|/etc/ppp/	
|ppp(8) configuration files.
|-
|/mnt/	
|Empty directory commonly used by system administrators as a temporary mount point.
|-
|/proc/	
|Process file system. Refer to procfs(5), mount_procfs(8) for details.
|-
|/rescue/	
|Statically linked programs for emergency recovery as described in rescue(8).
|-
|/root/	
|Home directory for the root account.
|-
|/sbin/	
|System programs and administration utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments.
|-
|/tmp/	
|Temporary files which are usually not preserved across a system reboot. A memory-based file system is often mounted at /tmp. This can be automated using the tmpmfs-related variables of rc.conf(5) or with an entry in /etc/fstab; refer to mdmfs(8) for details.
|-
|/usr/	
|The majority of user utilities and applications.
|-
|/usr/bin/	
|Common utilities, programming tools, and applications.
|-
|/usr/include/	
|Standard C include files.
|-
|/usr/lib/	
|Archive libraries.
|-
|/usr/libdata/	
|Miscellaneous utility data files.
|-
|/usr/libexec/	
|System daemons and system utilities executed by other programs.
|-
|/usr/local/	
|Local executables and libraries. Also used as the default destination for the FreeBSD ports framework. Within /usr/local, the general layout sketched out by hier(7) for /usr should be used. Exceptions are the man directory, which is directly under /usr/local rather than under /usr/local/share, and the ports documentation is in share/doc/port.
|-
|/usr/obj/	
|Architecture-specific target tree produced by building the /usr/src tree.
|-
|/usr/ports/	
|The FreeBSD Ports Collection (optional).
|-
|/usr/sbin/	
|System daemons and system utilities executed by users.
|-
|/usr/share/	
|Architecture-independent files.
|-
|/usr/src/	
|BSD and/or local source files.
|-
|/var/	
|Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. A memory-based file system is sometimes mounted at /var. This can be automated using the varmfs-related variables in rc.conf(5) or with an entry in /etc/fstab; refer to mdmfs(8) for details.
|-
|/var/log/	
|Miscellaneous system log files.
|-
|/var/mail/	
|User mailbox files.
|-
|/var/spool/	
|Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories.
|-
|/var/tmp/	
|Temporary files which are usually preserved across a system reboot, unless /var is a memory-based file system.
|-
|/var/yp/	
|NIS maps.
|}

[[Category:Sysutils]]
@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 At the first step we have to copy the Directory Structure from [https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/dirstructure.html FreeBSD Handbook chapter: 3.5. Directory Structure] in the following table.
-We use [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hier&sektion=7&manpath=freebsd-release-ports hier(7)] and compare this structure with the installed structure of GhostBSD on metal. This  [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hier&sektion=7&manpath=freebsd-release-ports manual page] documents	the default FreeBSD file system	layout,	but     the actual	hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system administrator's discretion.  A well-maintained installation will include a customized version of	this document.
+We use also [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hier&sektion=7&manpath=freebsd-release-ports hier(7). From here we will get deeper.
 {|class="wikitable" style="width:96.5%;background:#FFFFFF; border:2px solid #008000;text-align:left;padding: 10px"
@@ Line 25: / Line 24: @@
 |Root directory of the file system.
 |-
-|[[/bin/]]
+|/bin/
-|User utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments. Examples: cat; chflags; chmod; cp; csh; dd......
+|User utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments.
 |-
-|[[/boot/]]
+|/boot/
 |Programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap.
 |-
-|/cdrom/
+|/boot/defaults/
-|default mount point for CD-ROM drives
+|Default boot configuration files. Refer to loader.conf(5) for details.
-|-
-|/compat/
-|normally a link to <code>/usr/compat</code>. If not, then the <code>/usr/compat</code> comments apply
 |-
 |/dev/
-|Device nodes. Refer to [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=intro&sektion=4&manpath=freebsd-release-ports intro(4)] for details. Device special files managed by	[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports devfs(5)]
+|Device nodes. Refer to intro(4) for details.
 |-
-|[[/etc/]]
+|/etc/
 |System configuration files and scripts.
 |-
-|/home/
+|/etc/defaults/
-|is a link to <code>/usr/home</code>
+|Default system configuration files. Refer to rc(8) for details.
 |-
-|/include/
+|/etc/mail/
-|new on GhostBSD without content
+|Configuration files for mail transport agents such as sendmail(8).
 |-
-|/lib/
+|/etc/periodic/
-|critical system libraries needed for binaries in <code>/bin</code> and <code>/sbin</code>
+|Scripts that run daily, weekly, and monthly, via cron(8). Refer to periodic(8) for details.
 |-
-|/libdate/
+|/etc/ppp/
-|new on GhostBSD without content
+|ppp(8) configuration files.
-|-
-|/libexec/
-|critical system utilities needed for binaries in /bin and <code>/sbin</code>
-|-
-|/man/
-|new on GhostBSD without content
-|-
-|/media/
-|contains subdirectories to be used as mount points for removable media such as CDs, USB drives, and floppy disks
 |-
 |/mnt/
 |Empty directory commonly used by system administrators as a temporary mount point.
-|-
-|/net/
-|automounted NFS shares; see [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=auto_master&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports auto_master(5)]
 |-
 |/proc/
-|Process file system. Refer to [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports procfs(5)], [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_procfs&sektion=8&manpath=freebsd-release-ports mount_procfs(8)] for details.
+|Process file system. Refer to procfs(5), mount_procfs(8) for details.
 |-
 |/rescue/
-|Statically linked programs for emergency recovery as described in [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rescue&sektion=8&manpath=freebsd-release-ports rescue(8)].
+|Statically linked programs for emergency recovery as described in rescue(8).
 |-
 |/root/
 |Home directory for the root account.
 |-
-|[[/sbin/]]
+|/sbin/
 |System programs and administration utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments.
-|-
-|/share/
-|new on GhostBSD without content
-|-
-|/tests/
-|new on GhostBSD without content
 |-
 |/tmp/
-|Temporary files which are usually not preserved across a system reboot. A memory-based file system is often mounted at <code>/tmp</code>. This can be automated using the tmpmfs-related variables of [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=freebsd-release-ports rc.conf(5)] or with an entry in <code>/etc/fstab</code>; refer to [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=freebsd-release-ports mdmfs(8)] for details.
+|Temporary files which are usually not preserved across a system reboot. A memory-based file system is often mounted at /tmp. This can be automated using the tmpmfs-related variables of rc.conf(5) or with an entry in /etc/fstab; refer to mdmfs(8) for details.
 |-
-|[[/usr/]]
+|/usr/
 |The majority of user utilities and applications.
 |-
-|[[/var/]]
+|/usr/bin/
-|Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. A memory-based file system is sometimes mounted at <code>/var</code>. This can be automated using the varmfs-related variables in [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=freebsd-release-ports rc.conf(5)] or with an entry in <code>/etc/fstab</code>; refer to [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=freebsd-release-ports mdmfs(8)] for details.
+|Common utilities, programming tools, and applications.
 |-
-|/www/
+|/usr/include/
-|new on GhostBSD without content
+|Standard C include files.
 |-
-|file: /COPYRIGHT
+|/usr/lib/
-|opyright (c) 1992-2019 The FreeBSD Project.
+|Archive libraries.
-|}
-==Usefull Tools==
-This tools are recommended on [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hier&sektion=7&manpath=freebsd-release-ports hier] man page, the sketch of the file system hierarchy.
-{|class="wikitable" style="width:96.5%;background:#FFFFFF; border:2px solid #008000;text-align:left;padding: 10px"
 |-
-! scope="col" style="width: 100px;"|'''Command'''
+|/usr/libdata/
-! scope="col" style="width: 350px;"|'''Description'''
+|Miscellaneous utility data files.
 |-
-|apropos(1)||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=apropos&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports apropos and whatis] utilities query manual page	databases generated by     [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=makewhatis&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports makewhatis(8)], evaluating expression for each file	in each	database.  By     default, they display the names, section numbers, and description lines    of	all matching manuals.
+|/usr/libexec/
+|System daemons and system utilities executed by other programs.
 |-
-|find(1)||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports find] utility recursively descends the directory tree for each path     listed, evaluating	an expression (composed	of the "primaries" and     "operands"	listed below) in terms of each file in the tree.
+|/usr/local/
+|Local executables and libraries. Also used as the default destination for the FreeBSD ports framework. Within /usr/local, the general layout sketched out by hier(7) for /usr should be used. Exceptions are the man directory, which is directly under /usr/local rather than under /usr/local/share, and the ports documentation is in share/doc/port.
 |-
-|finger(1)||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=finger&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports finger] utility	displays information about the system users.
+|/usr/obj/
+|Architecture-specific target tree produced by building the /usr/src tree.
 |-
-|grep(1)||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=grep&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports grep] searches the named input FILEs (or standard	input if no files  are        named, or the file name - is given) for lines containing	a match	to the       given PATTERN.  By default, grep	prints the matching lines.
+|/usr/ports/
+|The FreeBSD Ports Collection (optional).
 |-
-|ls(1)||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports ls]	-- list	directory contents; For each operand that names a file	of a type other	than directory,	ls     displays its name as well as any requested, associated information.  For    each operand that names a file of type directory, ls displays the names     of	files contained	within that directory, as well as any requested, associated information.
+|/usr/sbin/
+|System daemons and system utilities executed by users.
 |-
-|whatis(1)||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whatis&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports apropos and whatis] utilities query manual page	databases generated by    [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=makewhatis&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports makewhatis(8)], evaluating expression for each file	in each	database.  By     default, they display the names, section numbers, and description lines    of	all matching manuals.
+|/usr/share/
+|Architecture-independent files.
 |-
-|whereis(1)||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whereis&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports whereis] utility checks	the standard binary, manual page, and source directories for the specified programs, printing out the paths of any it     finds.  The supplied program names	are first stripped of leading path     name components, any single trailing extension added by [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gzip&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports gzip(1)],    [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=compress&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports  compress(1)], or [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports bzip2(1)], and the leading `s.' or trailing	`,v' from a     source code control system.
+|/usr/src/
+|BSD and/or local source files.
+|-
+|/var/
+|Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. A memory-based file system is sometimes mounted at /var. This can be automated using the varmfs-related variables in rc.conf(5) or with an entry in /etc/fstab; refer to mdmfs(8) for details.
+|-
+|/var/log/
+|Miscellaneous system log files.
 |-
-|which(1)||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=which&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports which] utility takes a list of command names and searches the path for      each executable file that would be	run had	these commands actually	been     invoked.
+|/var/mail/
+|User mailbox files.
 |-
-|fd(4)||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fd&sektion=4&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports file descriptor] files; The files /dev/fd/0 through /dev/fd/# refer to file descriptors which can     be	accessed through the file system.
+|/var/spool/
+|Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories.
 |-
-|devfs(5)||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports device]	file system, or	devfs, provides	access to kernel's device      namespace in the global file system namespace.  The conventional mount     point is /dev.
+|/var/tmp/
+|Temporary files which are usually preserved across a system reboot, unless /var is a memory-based file system.
 |-
-|fsck(8)||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports fsck] utility invokes file system-specific programs to check the spe cial devices listed in the	fstab(5) file or in the	command	line for consistency.
+|/var/yp/
+|NIS maps.
 |}
-[[Category:Central Station Sysutils]]
+[[Category:Sysutils]]