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| At the first step we have to copy the Directory Structure from [https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/dirstructure.html FreeBSD Handbook chapter: 3.5. Directory Structure] in the following table. | | At the first step we have to copy the Directory Structure from [https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/dirstructure.html FreeBSD Handbook chapter: 3.5. Directory Structure] in the following table. |
− | We use [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hier&sektion=7&manpath=freebsd-release-ports hier(7)] and compare this structure with the installed structure of GhostBSD on metal. This [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hier&sektion=7&manpath=freebsd-release-ports manual page] documents the default FreeBSD file system layout, but the actual hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system administrator's discretion. A well-maintained installation will include a customized version of this document. | + | We use also [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hier&sektion=7&manpath=freebsd-release-ports hier(7)]. From here we will get deeper. |
− | | + | |
| | | |
| {|class="wikitable" style="width:96.5%;background:#FFFFFF; border:2px solid #008000;text-align:left;padding: 10px" | | {|class="wikitable" style="width:96.5%;background:#FFFFFF; border:2px solid #008000;text-align:left;padding: 10px" |
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| |Root directory of the file system. | | |Root directory of the file system. |
| |- | | |- |
− | |[[/bin/]] | + | |/bin/ |
− | |User utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments. Examples: cat; chflags; chmod; cp; csh; dd...... | + | |User utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments. |
| |- | | |- |
| |[[/boot/]] | | |[[/boot/]] |
| |Programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap. | | |Programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap. |
| + | |- |
| + | |/boot/defaults/ |
| + | |Default boot configuration files. Refer to loader.conf(5) for details. |
| |- | | |- |
| |/cdrom/ | | |/cdrom/ |
− | |default mount point for CD-ROM drives | + | |default mount point for CD-ROM drives |
| |- | | |- |
| |/compat/ | | |/compat/ |
− | |normally a link to <code>/usr/compat</code>. If not, then the <code>/usr/compat</code> comments apply | + | |normally a link to /usr/compat. If not, then the /usr/compat |
| + | comments apply |
| |- | | |- |
− | |/dev/ | + | |[[/dev/]] |
− | |Device nodes. Refer to [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=intro&sektion=4&manpath=freebsd-release-ports intro(4)] for details. Device special files managed by [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports devfs(5)] | + | |Device nodes. Refer to intro(4) for details. |
| |- | | |- |
| |[[/etc/]] | | |[[/etc/]] |
| |System configuration files and scripts. | | |System configuration files and scripts. |
| |- | | |- |
− | |/home/ | + | |/etc/defaults/ |
− | |is a link to <code>/usr/home</code> | + | |Default system configuration files. Refer to rc(8) for details. |
| |- | | |- |
− | |/include/ | + | |/etc/mail/ |
− | |new on GhostBSD without content | + | |Configuration files for mail transport agents such as sendmail(8). |
| + | |- |
| + | |/etc/periodic/ |
| + | |Scripts that run daily, weekly, and monthly, via cron(8). Refer to periodic(8) for details. |
| + | |- |
| + | |/etc/ppp/ |
| + | |ppp(8) configuration files. |
| |- | | |- |
| |/lib/ | | |/lib/ |
− | |critical system libraries needed for binaries in <code>/bin</code> and <code>/sbin</code> | + | |critical system libraries needed for binaries in /bin and /sbin |
− | |-
| + | |
− | |/libdate/
| + | |
− | |new on GhostBSD without content
| + | |
| |- | | |- |
| |/libexec/ | | |/libexec/ |
− | |critical system utilities needed for binaries in /bin and <code>/sbin</code> | + | |critical system utilities needed for binaries in /bin and /sbin |
− | |-
| + | |
− | |/man/
| + | |
− | |new on GhostBSD without content
| + | |
| |- | | |- |
| |/media/ | | |/media/ |
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| |- | | |- |
| |/net/ | | |/net/ |
− | |automounted NFS shares; see [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=auto_master&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports auto_master(5)] | + | |automounted NFS shares; see auto_master(5) |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
| |/proc/ | | |/proc/ |
− | |Process file system. Refer to [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports procfs(5)], [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_procfs&sektion=8&manpath=freebsd-release-ports mount_procfs(8)] for details. | + | |Process file system. Refer to procfs(5), mount_procfs(8) for details. |
| |- | | |- |
| |/rescue/ | | |/rescue/ |
− | |Statically linked programs for emergency recovery as described in [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rescue&sektion=8&manpath=freebsd-release-ports rescue(8)]. | + | |Statically linked programs for emergency recovery as described in rescue(8). |
| |- | | |- |
| |/root/ | | |/root/ |
| |Home directory for the root account. | | |Home directory for the root account. |
| |- | | |- |
− | |[[/sbin/]] | + | |/sbin/ |
| |System programs and administration utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments. | | |System programs and administration utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments. |
− | |-
| |
− | |/share/
| |
− | |new on GhostBSD without content
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |/tests/
| |
− | |new on GhostBSD without content
| |
| |- | | |- |
| |/tmp/ | | |/tmp/ |
− | |Temporary files which are usually not preserved across a system reboot. A memory-based file system is often mounted at <code>/tmp</code>. This can be automated using the tmpmfs-related variables of [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=freebsd-release-ports rc.conf(5)] or with an entry in <code>/etc/fstab</code>; refer to [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=freebsd-release-ports mdmfs(8)] for details. | + | |Temporary files which are usually not preserved across a system reboot. A memory-based file system is often mounted at /tmp. This can be automated using the tmpmfs-related variables of rc.conf(5) or with an entry in /etc/fstab; refer to mdmfs(8) for details. |
| |- | | |- |
| |[[/usr/]] | | |[[/usr/]] |
| |The majority of user utilities and applications. | | |The majority of user utilities and applications. |
| |- | | |- |
− | |[[/var/]] | + | |/usr/bin/ |
− | |Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. A memory-based file system is sometimes mounted at <code>/var</code>. This can be automated using the varmfs-related variables in [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=freebsd-release-ports rc.conf(5)] or with an entry in <code>/etc/fstab</code>; refer to [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=freebsd-release-ports mdmfs(8)] for details. | + | |Common utilities, programming tools, and applications. |
| |- | | |- |
− | |/www/ | + | |/usr/include/ |
− | |new on GhostBSD without content | + | |Standard C include files. |
| |- | | |- |
− | |file: /COPYRIGHT | + | |/usr/lib/ |
− | |opyright (c) 1992-2019 The FreeBSD Project.
| + | |Archive libraries. |
− | | + | |
− | |}
| + | |
− | | + | |
− | ==Usefull Tools==
| + | |
− | This tools are recommended on [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hier&sektion=7&manpath=freebsd-release-ports hier] man page, the sketch of the file system hierarchy.
| + | |
− | | + | |
− | | + | |
− | {|class="wikitable" style="width:96.5%;background:#FFFFFF; border:2px solid #008000;text-align:left;padding: 10px"
| + | |
| |- | | |- |
− | ! scope="col" style="width: 100px;"|'''Command'''
| + | |/usr/libdata/ |
− | ! scope="col" style="width: 350px;"|'''Description'''
| + | |Miscellaneous utility data files. |
| |- | | |- |
− | |apropos(1)||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=apropos&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports apropos and whatis] utilities query manual page databases generated by [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=makewhatis&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports makewhatis(8)], evaluating expression for each file in each database. By default, they display the names, section numbers, and description lines of all matching manuals. | + | |/usr/libexec/ |
| + | |System daemons and system utilities executed by other programs. |
| |- | | |- |
− | |find(1)||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports find] utility recursively descends the directory tree for each path listed, evaluating an expression (composed of the "primaries" and "operands" listed below) in terms of each file in the tree. | + | |/usr/local/ |
| + | |Local executables and libraries. Also used as the default destination for the FreeBSD ports framework. Within /usr/local, the general layout sketched out by hier(7) for /usr should be used. Exceptions are the man directory, which is directly under /usr/local rather than under /usr/local/share, and the ports documentation is in share/doc/port. |
| |- | | |- |
− | |finger(1)||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=finger&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports finger] utility displays information about the system users. | + | |/usr/obj/ |
| + | |Architecture-specific target tree produced by building the /usr/src tree. |
| |- | | |- |
− | |grep(1)||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=grep&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports grep] searches the named input FILEs (or standard input if no files are named, or the file name - is given) for lines containing a match to the given PATTERN. By default, grep prints the matching lines. | + | |/usr/ports/ |
− | | + | |The FreeBSD Ports Collection (optional). |
| |- | | |- |
− | |ls(1)||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports ls] -- list directory contents; For each operand that names a file of a type other than directory, ls displays its name as well as any requested, associated information. For each operand that names a file of type directory, ls displays the names of files contained within that directory, as well as any requested, associated information. | + | |/usr/sbin/ |
− | | + | |System daemons and system utilities executed by users. |
| |- | | |- |
− | |whatis(1)||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whatis&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports apropos and whatis] utilities query manual page databases generated by [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=makewhatis&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports makewhatis(8)], evaluating expression for each file in each database. By default, they display the names, section numbers, and description lines of all matching manuals. | + | |/usr/share/ |
| + | |Architecture-independent files. |
| |- | | |- |
− | |whereis(1)||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whereis&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports whereis] utility checks the standard binary, manual page, and source directories for the specified programs, printing out the paths of any it finds. The supplied program names are first stripped of leading path name components, any single trailing extension added by [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gzip&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports gzip(1)], [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=compress&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports compress(1)], or [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports bzip2(1)], and the leading `s.' or trailing `,v' from a source code control system. | + | |/usr/src/ |
− | | + | |BSD and/or local source files. |
| + | |- |
| + | |[[/var/]] |
| + | |Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. A memory-based file system is sometimes mounted at /var. This can be automated using the varmfs-related variables in rc.conf(5) or with an entry in /etc/fstab; refer to mdmfs(8) for details. |
| + | |- |
| + | |/var/log/ |
| + | |Miscellaneous system log files. |
| |- | | |- |
− | |which(1)||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=which&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports which] utility takes a list of command names and searches the path for each executable file that would be run had these commands actually been invoked. | + | |/var/mail/ |
| + | |User mailbox files. |
| |- | | |- |
− | |fd(4)||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fd&sektion=4&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports file descriptor] files; The files /dev/fd/0 through /dev/fd/# refer to file descriptors which can be accessed through the file system. | + | |/var/spool/ |
| + | |Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories. |
| |- | | |- |
− | |devfs(5)||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports device] file system, or devfs, provides access to kernel's device namespace in the global file system namespace. The conventional mount point is /dev. | + | |/var/tmp/ |
| + | |Temporary files which are usually preserved across a system reboot, unless /var is a memory-based file system. |
| |- | | |- |
− | |fsck(8)||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports fsck] utility invokes file system-specific programs to check the spe cial devices listed in the fstab(5) file or in the command line for consistency. | + | |/var/yp/ |
| + | |NIS maps. |
| |} | | |} |
| | | |
− | [[Category:Central Station Sysutils]] | + | [[Category:Sysutils]] |