Editing Directory Structure

{{Welcome}}
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==Introduction==

The Ghost/<q>FreeBSD directory hierarchy is fundamental to obtaining an overall understanding of the system. The most important directory is root or, “/”. This directory is the first one mounted at boot time and it contains the base system necessary to prepare the operating system for multi-user operation. The root directory also contains mount points for other file systems that are mounted during the transition to multi-user operation.</q> Source: [https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/dirstructure.html FreeBSD Handbook Chapter: 3.5. Directory Structure]

A mount point is a directory where additional file systems can be connected to a parent file system. This is further described in FreeBSD Handbook Section 3.6, [https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/disk-organization.html “Disk Organization”]. 

See also [[Standard Mount Points]].


==Directory Structure==

At the first step we have to copy the Directory Structure from [https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/dirstructure.html FreeBSD Handbook chapter: 3.5. Directory Structure] in the following table.
We use [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hier&sektion=7&manpath=freebsd-release-ports hier(7)] and compare this structure with the installed structure of GhostBSD on metal. This  [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hier&sektion=7&manpath=freebsd-release-ports manual page] documents	the default FreeBSD file system	layout,	but     the actual	hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system administrator's discretion.  A well-maintained installation will include a customized version of	this document.


{|class="wikitable" style="width:96.5%;background:#FFFFFF; border:2px solid #008000;text-align:left;padding: 10px" 
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;"|'''Directory'''
! scope="col" style="width: 350px;"|'''Description'''
|-
|/	
|Root directory of the file system.
|-
|[[/bin/]]
|User utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments. Examples: cat; chflags; chmod; cp; csh; dd......
|-
|[[/boot/]]
|Programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap.
|-
|   /boot/defaults/	
|Default boot configuration files. Refer to [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=loader.conf&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports loader.conf(5)] for details.
|-
|/cdrom/	
|default mount point for CD-ROM drives
|-
|/compat/	
|normally a link to <code>/usr/compat</code>. If not, then the <code>/usr/compat</code> comments apply
|-
|/dev/	
|Device nodes. Refer to [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=intro&sektion=4&manpath=freebsd-release-ports intro(4)] for details. Device special files managed by	[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports devfs(5)]
|-
|[[/etc/]]	
|System configuration files and scripts.
|-
|/home/
|is a link to <code>/usr/home</code> 
|-
|/include/
|new on GhostBSD without content
|-
|/lib/	
|critical system libraries needed for binaries in <code>/bin</code> and <code>/sbin</code>
|-
|/libdate/
|new on GhostBSD without content
|-
|/libexec/	
|critical system utilities needed for binaries in /bin and <code>/sbin</code>
|-
|/man/
|new on GhostBSD without content
|-
|/media/	
|contains subdirectories to be used as mount points for removable media such as CDs, USB drives, and floppy disks
|-
|/mnt/	
|Empty directory commonly used by system administrators as a temporary mount point.
|-
|/net/	
|automounted NFS shares; see [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=auto_master&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports auto_master(5)]

|-
|/proc/	
|Process file system. Refer to [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procfs&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports procfs(5)], [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mount_procfs&sektion=8&manpath=freebsd-release-ports mount_procfs(8)] for details.
|-
|/rescue/	
|Statically linked programs for emergency recovery as described in [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rescue&sektion=8&manpath=freebsd-release-ports rescue(8)].
|-
|/root/	
|Home directory for the root account.
|-
|[[/sbin/]]
|System programs and administration utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments.
|-
|/share/
|new on GhostBSD without content
|-
|/tests/
|new on GhostBSD without content
|-
|/tmp/	
|Temporary files which are usually not preserved across a system reboot. A memory-based file system is often mounted at <code>/tmp</code>. This can be automated using the tmpmfs-related variables of [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=freebsd-release-ports rc.conf(5)] or with an entry in <code>/etc/fstab</code>; refer to [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=freebsd-release-ports mdmfs(8)] for details.
|-
|[[/usr/]]
|The majority of user utilities and applications.
|-
|[[/var/]]
|Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. A memory-based file system is sometimes mounted at <code>/var</code>. This can be automated using the varmfs-related variables in [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=freebsd-release-ports rc.conf(5)] or with an entry in <code>/etc/fstab</code>; refer to [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mdmfs&sektion=8&manpath=freebsd-release-ports mdmfs(8)] for details.
|-
|/var/log/	
|Miscellaneous system log files.
|-
|/var/mail/	
|User mailbox files.
|-
|/var/spool/	
|Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories.
|-
|/var/tmp/	
|Temporary files which are usually preserved across a system reboot, unless <code>/var</code> is a memory-based file system.
|-
|/var/yp/	
|NIS maps.
|-
|/www/
|new on GhostBSD without content
|-
|file: /COPYRIGHT
|opyright (c) 1992-2019 The FreeBSD Project.

|}

==Usefull Tools==
This tools are recommended on [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hier&sektion=7&manpath=freebsd-release-ports hier] man page, the sketch of the file system hierarchy.


{|class="wikitable" style="width:96.5%;background:#FFFFFF; border:2px solid #008000;text-align:left;padding: 10px" 
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;"|'''Command'''
! scope="col" style="width: 350px;"|'''Description'''
|-
|apropos(1)||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=apropos&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports apropos and whatis] utilities query manual page	databases generated by     [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=makewhatis&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports makewhatis(8)], evaluating expression for each file	in each	database.  By     default, they display the names, section numbers, and description lines    of	all matching manuals.
|-
|find(1)||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports find] utility recursively descends the directory tree for each path     listed, evaluating	an expression (composed	of the "primaries" and     "operands"	listed below) in terms of each file in the tree.
|-
|finger(1)||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=finger&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports finger] utility	displays information about the system users.
|-
|grep(1)||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=grep&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports grep] searches the named input FILEs (or standard	input if no files  are        named, or the file name - is given) for lines containing	a match	to the       given PATTERN.  By default, grep	prints the matching lines.

|-
|ls(1)||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports ls]	-- list	directory contents; For each operand that names a file	of a type other	than directory,	ls     displays its name as well as any requested, associated information.  For    each operand that names a file of type directory, ls displays the names     of	files contained	within that directory, as well as any requested, associated information.

|-
|whatis(1)||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whatis&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports apropos and whatis] utilities query manual page	databases generated by    [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=makewhatis&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports makewhatis(8)], evaluating expression for each file	in each	database.  By     default, they display the names, section numbers, and description lines    of	all matching manuals.
|-
|whereis(1)||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whereis&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports whereis] utility checks	the standard binary, manual page, and source directories for the specified programs, printing out the paths of any it     finds.  The supplied program names	are first stripped of leading path     name components, any single trailing extension added by [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gzip&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports gzip(1)],    [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=compress&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports  compress(1)], or [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports bzip2(1)], and the leading `s.' or trailing	`,v' from a     source code control system.

|-
|which(1)||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=which&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports which] utility takes a list of command names and searches the path for      each executable file that would be	run had	these commands actually	been     invoked.
|-
|fd(4)||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fd&sektion=4&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports file descriptor] files; The files /dev/fd/0 through /dev/fd/# refer to file descriptors which can     be	accessed through the file system. 
|-
|devfs(5)||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devfs&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports device]	file system, or	devfs, provides	access to kernel's device      namespace in the global file system namespace.  The conventional mount     point is /dev.
|-
|fsck(8)||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsck&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports fsck] utility invokes file system-specific programs to check the spe cial devices listed in the	fstab(5) file or in the	command	line for consistency.
|}

[[Category:Central Station Sysutils]]