Editing How To


{|class="wikitable" style="width:96.5%;background:#FFFFFF; border:2px solid #008000" 
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|style="text-align:center;padding: 10px" | '''Welcome to the'''[[image:Icon Disti GhostBSD.png|100px|link=http://www.ghostbsd.org/]] '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|}

==Introduction to Tips and Tricks==
On this page we will collect some tips and tricks from users to users. It is not always sure, that a tip helps for your issue, but if so, you can comment on the ''Discussions'' page or write you solution in this list with your name as source.   

It is not a forum. If you have a question and no answer yet, go to [https://forums.ghostbsd.org/index.php GhostBSD Forums]. <br/>But if you got a '''solution''' for your issues, you are welcome to describe it here in a short way.

Some proposals need to get there own pages, because of there volume. (see the blue links)



==OS related==

===What Version of GhostBSD Am I Running?===
* Post by ericbsd » Mon Jun 01, 2020 7:44 pm on the GhostBSD Forum:<br/>
This would be the best way to determine the os version in the future.<br/>
I am looking to update the os version from:<br/>



<code>sudo pkg info os-generic-userland | grep Version</code><br/>
<code>Version        : 12.1.20200505062108,1</code><br/>

To:<br/>

<code>sudo pkg info os-generic-userland | grep Version</code><br/>
<code>Version        : 20.05.05</code>




===If you have a fresh GhostBSD 20.03 installation and cannot install packages===

Try to remove /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/GhostBSD.conf

<code> sudo rm /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/GhostBSD.conf </code>
Post on the forum by ericbsd » Fri Apr 24, 2020 8:53 am 

===How to move from Trident to GhostBSD?===
Here you will find a [https://github.com/maxsteciuk/TridentToGhostBSD/blob/master/README.md Step by step tutorial on GitHub].

===Migrating ZFS from Linux to FreeBSD===

https://www.unixsheikh.com/tutorials/migrating-zfs-from-linux-to-freebsd.html

===How to pack a FreeBSD installation image with custom content===

[http://badland.io/packmule.md Packmule] packs a FreeBSD installation image with custom content, making it useful for generating install images with all your normal utilities included. The added packages are installed along with the regular contents of FreeBSD. Generated images have the form FreeBSD-*-packed.iso. Installation can proceed as normal with the packed software showing up on the newly installed system alongside the FreeBSD base.

===How to install GhostBSD/FreeBSD on a ThinkPad T530. ===
Here you will find [https://www.c0ffee.net/blog/freebsd-on-a-laptop/ a guide to a fully functional installation]

===How to get some information about your running system===

* Get some system information, kernel version, release date by using [[sysctl]]
* With
<code>uname -a</code><br/>
You get: FreeBSD yourname.ghostbsd-pc.home 12.1-STABLE FreeBSD 12.1-STABLE GENERIC  amd64<br/>
It is a summary of kernel information, you can get with [[sysctl]] ''NAME''.
* More information to [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uname&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html uname on the man page].

===How to get more information about your running system===

* <code>pkg info | grep os-generic</code>

* <code>uname -U</code>

===How to upgrade from a prerelease===

Eric Turgeon, [12.03.20 02:07] on Telegram

* <code>os pkg upgrade</code>


===For anyone wanting to play with a GhostBSD livecd without X===

I have one at ftp://219.121.16.20/pub/GhostBSD/experimental/GhostBSD-2020-03-19-nox-experimental.iso  

It is not very useful at the moment, but may be of interest to some. It does not come with an installer yet. 

For network, run: dhcpcd 

It is read-writable, and packages can be added.
Tip from Vic Thacker on Telegram on 19.3.2020 at 6:38

===Is there a way to burn an .iso on GhostBSD to usb?===
Eric Turgeon [10.09.20 03:51] on Telegram:

* <code>sudo dd if=/usr/local/ghostbsd-build/iso/GhostBSD-20.09.06.iso of=/dev/da0 bs=4m</code>

===Some tips if you try to set up dualboot===

''Eric Turgeon'', [19.03.20 21:29] till 19.03.20 21:36] on Telegram<br/>

* Grub on linux does not see FreeBSD same for Grub on FreeBSD it does not see Linux.
* The best thing I have comeup with is Refind, but it only works with efi.
* You can set up Grub to config file to add GhostBSD, but it is different on MBR, GPT, UEFI, legacy boot
* If you google it for FreeBSD you will find the way you need to set it.


''Lucy Randall'', [20.03.20 00:57] till [20.03.20 01:10]on Telegram<br/>

* Refind is pretty easy.
* Copy "loader.efi" to the  folder: /EFI/freebsd/ in the ESP partition.
* For a temporary solution.

* To make it permanently available use EFIFS's UFS2 driver, place it in the "/EFI/refind/driver_x64", and edit the edit the "refind.conf" to distinguish which "/boot/*.efi" should be loaded and visible at boot.
* Don't know the exact configuration, but that's the gist.

=== Filesystem repairs===

Vic Thacker, [24.03.20 09:21] on Telegram
[In reply to Lyman Hazelton]
Assuming you are using UFS, I would refer to Section 1 (Filesystem repairs) of this document.<br/>
https://nsrc.org/workshops/2007/linuxchix-ke/po/recovery/recovery-exercise.pdf


=== If you have a login prompt loop===
If you type correct password the mate login screen loop
after updating mate with pkg update.

Vic Thacker, [30.06.20 11:50]
Click on the circle in the login menu box to select another desktop. Then open a terminal and launch 'update-station' to update.

=== If settings schema org.mate.interface is not installed===

Vic Thacker, [30.06.20 11:59]<br/>
<code>rc-service dhcpcd start</code>

Vic Thacker, [30.06.20 12:00]<br/>
<code>sudo pkg update -f</code><br/>
<code>sudo pkg upgrade -yf</code>
----

==Desktop related==

===How to change the localisation of the MATE desktop===

If you have the MATE desktop in English, but wish to change for example to German, go to the file .profile and fill in the following lines:

<code>CHARSET=UTF-8; export CHARSET<br/>
LANG=de_DE.UTF-8; export LANG<br/>

setxkbmap de</code>

===How to adjust lcd screen brightness? ===


Eric Turgeon, [02.03.20 14:12]
[In reply to Hiencv]
acpi_video_load="YES" is needed in /boot/loader.conf for that to work

Neville Goddard, [02.03.20 14:09]
[In reply to Hiencv]
Does this work?
xrandr --output HDMI-0 --brightness 0.9


Hiencv, [02.03.20 14:15]
[In reply to Neville Goddard]
It works for me. Tks!
Did you try to use the brightness from your keyborad? - It doesn't work.


===If you are unable to resume your desktop after suspend (lid closed)===

This tips could help: 
* [https://headthirst.com/freebsd-suspend.html FreeBSD 12.0 Suspend and Resume]
* [https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/acpi-overview.html 11.13. Power and Resource Management]
* Neville Goddard, [18.03.20 23:39] on Telegram<br/>Suspend resume worked perfectly on my laptop with GhostBSD and drm-legacy-kmod and Intel graphics


===My laptop suddenly shuts down often and my firefox config and sysctl.conf gets reset===

Kitteh | ASK TO TOUCH | they/them, [22.03.20 23:07] on Telegram<br/>
My laptop suddenly shuts down often and my firefox config and sysctl.conf gets reset

Vic Thacker, [22.03.20 23:37] on Telegram<br/>
[In reply to Kitteh | ASK TO TOUCH | they/them]
My first thought is microcode.

<code>$ pkg install devcpu-data</code>

<code>$ vi /boot/loader.conf</code><br/>
<code>cpu_microcode_load="YES"</code><br/>
<code>cpu_microcode_name="/boot/firmware/intel-ucode.bin"</code>

<code>$ reboot</code>

Vic Thacker, [22.03.20 23:38] on Telegram<br/>
In the past, I have had servers suddenly shutdown due to a microcode issue. I might be wrong in my assumption, but that is what comes to mind.

Vic Thacker, [22.03.20 23:40] on Telegram<br/>
https://www.thomas-krenn.com/en/wiki/Update_Intel_Microcode_on_FreeBSD<br/>
I would suggest updating the system's bios, as well.

===How to set the correct Timezone===

Use on the CLI as root:<br/>
<code>[https://www.unix.com/man-page/freebsd/8/tzsetup/ tzsetup]</code>
----

==Sound related==

===How to solve if no USB Sound 2.1 ===

[https://forums.ghostbsd.org/viewtopic.php?f=66&t=1530 Look at this tutorial]

===Hints from the Community===

[https://forums.ghostbsd.org/viewforum.php?f=66 GhostBSD Forum]

===More information from FreeBSD===

[https://wiki.freebsd.org/Sound?highlight=%28%5CbCategoryProject%5Cb%29 FreeBSD Sound]


===What do I have to do to play mp3 files in Rhythmbox?===

look if you have something missing.

<code>pkg info | grep gstreamer</code>

 * gstreamer1-1.16.2              Media applications framework
 * gstreamer1-libav-1.16.2        GStreamer plug-in with many audio/video decoders/encoders
 * gstreamer1-plugins-1.16.2_1    GStreamer written collection of plugins handling several media types
 * gstreamer1-plugins-a52dec-1.16.2 GStreamer ATSC A/52 stream aka AC-3 (dvd audio) plugin
 * gstreamer1-plugins-bad-1.16.2  GStreamer-plugins that need more quality, testing or documentation
 * gstreamer1-plugins-cdparanoia-1.16.2 GStreamer CDDA extraction (aka audio ripping) plugin
 * gstreamer1-plugins-core-1.16   Core set of typical audio and video GStreamer plugins
 * gstreamer1-plugins-dts-1.16.2  GStreamer dts audio decode plugin
 * gstreamer1-plugins-dvdread-1.16.2_1 GStreamer DVD access plugin with libdvdread
 * gstreamer1-plugins-flac-1.16.2 GStreamer free lossless audio encoder/decoder plugin
 * gstreamer1-plugins-gl-1.16.2_1 GStreamer GL graphics plugin
 * gstreamer1-plugins-good-1.16.2 GStreamer-plugins good-quality plug-ins
 * gstreamer1-plugins-jpeg-1.16.2 GStreamer jpeg encoder/decoder plugin
 * gstreamer1-plugins-lame-1.16.2 GStreamer High-quality free mp3 encode plugin
 * gstreamer1-plugins-mpg123-1.16.2 GStreamer MPEG Layer 1, 2, and 3 plugin
 * gstreamer1-plugins-neon-1.16.2 GStreamer neon http source plugin
 * gstreamer1-plugins-ogg-1.16.2  GStreamer Ogg bitstream plugin
 * gstreamer1-plugins-pango-1.16.2 GStreamer pango textoverlay plugin
 * gstreamer1-plugins-png-1.16.2  GStreamer png plugin
 * gstreamer1-plugins-resindvd-1.16.2_1 GStreamer resindvd DVD playback plugin
 * gstreamer1-plugins-soup-1.16.2 GStreamer soup based http input plugin
 * gstreamer1-plugins-theora-1.16.2 GStreamer theora plugin
 * gstreamer1-plugins-ugly-1.16.2 GStreamer-plugins set of good-quality plug-ins that might have distribution problems
 * gstreamer1-plugins-vorbis-1.16.2 GStreamer vorbis encoder/decoder plugin


Also you can do <br/>
<code>sudo pkg upgrade -f rhythmbox </code><br/>
to see if it will fix it.
----

==Virtualization==

===How to install VirtualBox on GhostBSD===
[[Guide to install VirtualBox on GhostBSD]]

===What’s the name for the VBox kmod?===

<code>pkg list virtualbox-ose-kmod | grep \\.ko</code>

 /boot/modules/vboxdrv.ko
 /boot/modules/vboxguest.ko
 /boot/modules/vboxnetadp.ko
 /boot/modules/vboxnetflt.ko
 /boot/modules/vboxvfs.ko

vboxdrv.ko is the most important one



----

==Software==

===How to find Software on GhostBSD===
* Go to [[GhostBSD Wiki]] or [[Applications]]
* Then to [[Application Management]] and choose your preferred method for installation.

===How to install software?===
* Go to [[Application Management]]

===You have installed an application but no starter is in your application list===
* To find the location of your application write the command <code>whereis foo</code>
* Right click on your desktop, take application launcher editing, choose a name and select a command
* Click on the icon symbol and choose that suits

===How to Run Orchestrator on Ghost/FreeBSD===
Use this tip: [https://www.percona.com/blog/2020/02/17/how-to-run-orchestrator-on-freebsd/ percona]

===Using [[Ports]]===
"Don't use FreeBSD ports via portsnap on GhostBSD
Install it from GhostBSD ports <br/>
<code>sudo git clone https://github.com/ghostbsd/ghostbsd-ports/ /usr/ports</code><br/>
Source: [https://forums.ghostbsd.org/viewtopic.php?p=7965#p7965 ericbsd]

===Looking for devtools?===
"Devtools are not installed by default" on GhostBSD
You have to install them:<br/>
<code>sudo  pkg install os-generic-userland-devtools</code>
Source: [https://forums.ghostbsd.org/viewtopic.php?f=58&t=1528&sid=f7771ec06711a5feb4072f6d875c5df6 ericbsd]

===Like to change the display manager===
<code>sudo rc-update delete lightdm</code><br/>
<code>sudo rc-update add gdm</code><br/>
Tip from Eric on Telegram at 27.01.2020 17:09

===Migrate from Linux to GhostBSD and take your E-Mails and bookmarks with you===
You would like to move from a Linux OS to GhostBSD and take your settings and E-Mails from '''Thunderbird''' and bookmarks from '''Firefox''' to GhostBSD.<br/> 
Go on Linux to .thunderbird and .mozilla in your home directory and safe each folder /xyz.default and insert the contents in the folder /xyz.default-release on GhostBSD. xyz is only a replacement for bk3yc9n7 or something similar.<br/>
This worked from Debian to GhostBSD. Tested by [[User:Slughorn|Slughorn]]

=== Is there a way to block a program for accessing network/internet?===

Vic Thacker, [24.05.20 15:14] on Telegram
* Review the files in <code>/usr/share/examples/pf</code>
* Copy <code>/usr/share/examples/pf/pf.conf</code> to <code>/etc/pf.conf</code>
* Edit <code>/etc/pf.conf</code> to your liking
* Add to <code>/etc/rc.conf</code>:   <code> pf_enable="YES"</code>
* Add to <code>/etc/rc.conf</code>:    <code>pf_rules="/etc/pf.conf"</code>

<code>sudo rc-service add pf</code> <br/>
<code>sudo rc-service pf start</code>

====If i want only a specific program to block access internet====

Vic Thacker on Telegram [24.05.20 16:02]
* use sudo with -g switch

===GhostBSD has any utility to mount iso image in mate or kde, kind of fusefsiso?===

Vic Thacker  on Telegram [25.05.20 02:08]<br/>
https://www.jan0sch.de/post/mounting-iso-images-under-freebsd/

====Is dsbmd a good tool to try?====

Vic Thacker on Telegram  [25.05.20 02:28]<br/>
Yes, and it is available. pkg search dsbmd
----

==[[Games]]==


=== Installing and Setting up Linux Steam on GhostBSD ===
Use Software Station or pkg command to install linux-steam-utils.

for package:

<code>sudo pkg install linux-steam-utils</code>

If you are using an Nvidia GPU, install the '''linux-nvidia-libs''' for the driver you use.

Create a new user account with adduser dedicated for gaming. Do not add it to the wheel group for security reasons.

<pre>
steam-install

Please, consider setting up a dedicated OS user account for Steam.
Otherwise, each and every Steam game will have unrestricted access to your files.
If you really couldn't care less, you can suppress this message with
--allow-stealing-my-passwords,-browser-history-and-ssh-keys flag.
</pre>

Make sure all those lines are in /etc/fstab and reboot:
<pre>procfs      /proc      procfs    rw    0  0
linprocfs    /compat/linux/proc  linprocfs  rw    0  0
tmpfs /compat/linux/dev/shm tmpfs rw,mode=1777 0 0
linsysfs    /compat/linux/sys   linsysfs rw  0 0
fdesc        /dev/fd            fdescfs  rw  0 0</pre>

After rebooting login to your new user open a terminal and run <code>steam-install</code> and <code>steam</code>. Steam will take some time to set up and update. After you are good to go to play some games like CS:GO and so on.

==[[Shell]]==

===Question regarding config file of "fish" (shell)===
In which config file would I define the path to a "bin" directory in my home (e.g. ~/bin/tldr)?<br/>

Eric Turgeon, [04.06.20 18:49] on telegram<br/>
actualy in <code> ~/.config/fish/config.fish</code>

Pino Cuccaro, [05.06.20 11:26] an telegram<br/>
I preferred not to change the system-wide config file /etc/login.conf

I  solved my issue by creating this file <br/>
<code>.config/fish/config.fish</code>

an putting in this line:

<code>set -g PATH /sbin /bin /usr/sbin /usr/bin /usr/games /usr/local/sbin /usr/local/bin /usr/home/<myuser>/bin</code><br/>

Then restarted the shell and it works.<br/>

==Hardware / Kernel / Driver related==

===How to find out if my hardware is detected===

Use the '''[[dmesg]]''' command or look into the file ''/var/run/dmesg.boot''.

===How can I find out if my hardware is supported===

The first step should be: Look on both pages: '''[[Kernel]]''' and '''[[Modules]]''' first.<br/>
See also 
* [https://www.freebsd.org/releases/12.0R/hardware.html FreeBSD 12.0-RELEASE Hardware Notes],
* [https://www.freebsd.org/releases/12.1R/hardware.html FreeBSD 12.1-RELEASE Hardware Notes].
* [https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics/AMD-GPU-Matrix AMD GPU Support]
* [https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics/Intel-GPU-Matrix Intel GPU]
* [https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics Graphics]
* [https://github.com/ghostbsd/ghostbsd/blob/stable/12/sys/amd64/conf/GENERIC on GitHub] Vic Thacker on Telegram at 6.4.2020

===Qualified Vendor List for RAM support===

https://dlcdnets.asus.com/pub/ASUS/mb/SocketAM4/ROG_STRIX-X470-F-GAMING/Memory_QVL_3rd_Gen_AMD_Ryzen_Processors.pdf

Suggestion from Vic Thacker on 28.3.2020 at 6:34

===How to get information about loaded modules into the kernel===
* You get some information with the command <code>kldstat</code>
* The '''[[kldstat]]'''  utility displays the status of any files dynamically linked into the kernel. More information on [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kldstat&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports FreeBSD]

===How to get information about loadable kernel modules===
* Loadable kernel modules related to hardware, firmware, graphics driver. and virtual machines you will find in the directory of your system: ''/boot/[[Modules|'''modules''']]/'' and ''/boot/[[Kernel|'''kernel''']]/''<br/>
All files end with ''.ko''.

===How to load kernel modules===
Once the machine has booted, you may load a module with the command <code>kldload</code>, unload with <code>kldunload</code> and list with <code>'''[[kldstat]]'''</code>. <br/>
Modules can also be loaded from the loader before the kernel starts,  automatically if you makes an entry in the ''/boot/loader.conf''.<br/>
For example:<br/>
<code>fuse_load="YES"</code><br/>
<code>vboxdrv_load="YES"</code>

See also: [[Kernel Competence]]

===GhostBSD does not support APM at the moment===
Vic Thacker, [18.03.20 22:29] on Telegram
[In reply to Gerard van Breemen]
GhostBSD does not support APM at the moment.

        case ${SYSCTL_N} hw.machine_arch in
        i386)
                # Warn user about acpi apm compatibility support which
                # does not work with apmd.
                if [ ! -e /dev/apmctl ]; then
                        ewarn "/dev/apmctl not found; kernel is missing apm(4)"
                fi
                ;;
        *)
                return 1
                ;;
        esac





===Radeon Mobility HD 4200: Invisible Mouse Cursor===

Unread post by sweeney » Tue Feb 04, 2020 4:46 am [https://forums.ghostbsd.org/viewtopic.php?f=65&t=1563 GhostBSD Forum]

"I have an interesting issue.
When I boot into GhostBSD 20.01 on my old Toshiba Satelitte, BSD does detect and uses the AMD Radeon Mobility 4200HD chipset (RS880) sucessfully, but I have a missing mouse cursor. You are still able to click and move the cursor, but it rather difficult to use as you cannot see it current location.
I installed GhostBSD using VESA mode and then installed the radeonkms driver using pkg. I have added kld_list="/boot/modules/radeonkms.ko" to rc.conf using sysrc but xorg does not use the driver. The driver seems loading as the console changes screen resolution but xorg does not recognise it. So currently I stuck at a lower screen resolution and without hardware acceleration.
The FreeBSD forums do mention a similar issue but I cannot get xorg to use the radeonkms driver in order to try the workaround. Can I edit the live ISO to try the workaround and reinstall?
https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/invi ... ter.70572/
https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_ ... ?id=237642

I managed to get it working.

I had to change the /etc/X11/xorg.conf from "VESA" to "radeon" under the Section "Device" and rebooted. Done!

As per the following post:
https://forums.ghostbsd.org/viewtopic.p ... 7958#p7958":


===How to install driver to graphic card Park (Mobility Radeon HD 5430/5450/5470)===

Post by sweeney » Tue Feb 04, 2020 5:31 am on [https://forums.ghostbsd.org/viewtopic.php?f=65&t=1235&p=7958#p7958 GhostBSD Forum]:

"I've got mine working!
Make sure that have the drm-kmod package installed (of which you may already have). Run the following commands as root:

<code>   '''[[ pkg]]''' install drm-kmod</code>

This should make sure that drivers are installed. Being a Radeon Mobilty HD 7000 and earlier, we need to set to set the radeondms driver to load at startup:

<code>    sysrc kld_list="/boot/modules/radeonkms.ko"</code>

Next edit the /etc/X11/xorg.conf so the "Device" section looks like this:

* Section "Device"
* Identifier "Card0"
* Driver "radeon"
* EndSection

'''Note:''' It is better to move or delete the ''/etc/X11/xorg.conf'' file and force xorg to auto-detect.
Now reboot. If the driver is loading at startup, you will see the console output change screen resolution before xorg starts. Note the screen resolution will have not changed, but you should be able to go to System => Preferences => Hardware => Displays, and if xorg is using the right driver, you should be able to set the desired resolution.
I hope this helps"

===How to set mouse cursor if bit too sensitive and fast===
[https://forums.ghostbsd.org/viewtopic.php?f=58&t=1163&p=6686&hilit=mouse#p6413 mouse cursor - bit too senstive and fast even on lowest setting]

===How is the battery optimization for GhostBSD===
Eric Turgeon, [21.02.20 11:50]
[In reply to Jared]
sudo rc-update add powerd default helps a lot.



===drm-fbsd12.0-kmod===
'''Very important''': when I send the next @GhostBSD packages everyone that uses drm-fbsd12.0-kmod need to make a sudo pkg upgrade -f drm-fbsd12.0-kmod or pkg upgrade -f if not on reboot you will have a kernel panic at less for intell."<br/>
Source: Eric on Telegram 4.2.2020 15:23

===How to install Nvidia drivers?===
 
Look on the linked pages:

* [[How to install Nvidia drivers|here on the wiki]] and 
* [https://forums.ghostbsd.org/viewtopic.php?f=63&t=1517 in the GhostBSD-Forum]

===Hints for the use of Graphic Cards===

On the [https://forums.ghostbsd.org/viewforum.php?f=65 GhostBSD Forum]

===I'm running Mate and I do not see a Bluetooth config widget===

Neville Goddard, [25.05.20 03:59]<br/>
(16) Bluetooth on GhostBSD - GhostBSD Forums<br/>
http://forums.ghostbsd.org/viewtopic.php?t=970

Neville Goddard, [25.05.20 04:00]<br/>
It needs updating for openrc<br/>

Neville Goddard, [25.05.20 04:01]<br/>
<code>rc-update add sdpd</code><br/>
<code>rc-update add hcsecd</code><br/>

Etc

===Test Results Webcam Useability on GhostBSD===

Thank to our community member Fred Finster: [https://webcamtests.com/reviews/14769 Webcam Test with external website]

Using a webcam on FreeBSD in web browsers
[https://www.davidschlachter.com/misc/freebsd-webcam-browser  David Schlachter FreeBSD webcam browser]

Davidschlachter (https://www.davidschlachter.com/misc/freebsd-webcam-browser)
Using a webcam on FreeBSD in web browsers
How to use your webcam with Chrome and Firefox in FreeBSD

How to Enable Webcam on GhostBSD  text file.  and test at [https://webcamtests.com  open Webcam Test dot com]
[https://webcamtests.com/reviews/14769  my webcam Review for GhostBDS is here]


==Howto enable WebCam on Lenovo Think Pad T430==



I installed webcamd like this:
<pre>
pkg install multimedia/webcamd multimedia/v4l_compat multimedia/v4l-utils
pw groupmod webcamd -m lajto
chmod 666 /dev/video0
</pre>

Output of usbconfig list:

ugen0.3: <vendor 0x046d Webcam C170> at usbus0, cfg=0 md=HOST spd=HIGH (480Mbps) pwr=ON (500mA)


 '''In my /boot/loader.conf I have:'''
<code><nowiki>
#cuse_load="YES"
cuse4bsd_load="YES"
</nowiki>
 '''In my /etc/rc.conf I have:''' 
<code>webcamd_enable="YES"
</code>

Webcamd detects my webcam without manual intervention needed, as we can see here:

 <code>webcamd -d ugen0.3 -i 0 -v 0 </code>

Webcamd is already running for ugen0.3.0


==list usb devices== 
<code>
usbconfig list
</code>
<pre>
ugen1.1: <Intel EHCI root HUB> at usbus1, cfg=0 md=HOST spd=HIGH (480Mbps) pwr=SAVE (0mA)
ugen0.1: <0x8086 XHCI root HUB> at usbus0, cfg=0 md=HOST spd=SUPER (5.0Gbps) pwr=SAVE (0mA)
ugen2.1: <Intel EHCI root HUB> at usbus2, cfg=0 md=HOST spd=HIGH (480Mbps) pwr=SAVE (0mA)
ugen1.2: <vendor 0x8087 product 0x0024> at usbus1, cfg=0 md=HOST spd=HIGH (480Mbps) pwr=SAVE (0mA)
ugen2.2: <vendor 0x8087 product 0x0024> at usbus2, cfg=0 md=HOST spd=HIGH (480Mbps) pwr=SAVE (0mA)
ugen0.2: <Lexar USB Flash Drive> at usbus0, cfg=0 md=HOST spd=SUPER (5.0Gbps) pwr=ON (76mA)
ugen1.3: <Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd. Integrated Camera> at usbus1, cfg=0 md=HOST spd=HIGH (480Mbps) pwr=ON (200mA)
ugen2.3: <Logitech USB Receiver> at usbus2, cfg=0 md=HOST spd=FULL (12Mbps) pwr=ON (98mA)
</pre>
<code>
webcamd -l 
</code>
<pre>
Available device(s):
webcamd [-d ugen1.1] -N Intel-EHCI-root-HUB -S unknown -M 0
webcamd [-d ugen0.1] -N 0x8086-XHCI-root-HUB -S unknown -M 0
webcamd [-d ugen2.1] -N Intel-EHCI-root-HUB -S unknown -M 1
webcamd [-d ugen1.2] -N vendor-0x8087-product-0x0024 -S unknown -M 0
webcamd [-d ugen2.2] -N vendor-0x8087-product-0x0024 -S unknown -M 1
webcamd [-d ugen0.2] -N Lexar-USB-Flash-Drive -S 0185002023800542 -M 0
webcamd [-d ugen1.3] -N Chicony-Electronics-Co---Ltd--Integrated-Camera -S unknown -M 0
webcamd [-d ugen2.3] -N Logitech-USB-Receiver -S unknown -M 0
</pre>

===Show webcamd usage:===
<code>
webcamd -h
</code>
<code>
 webcamd -d ugen1.3 -i 0 -v 0
</code>
 
webcamd 38454 - - webcamd: Could not open /dev/cuse. Did you '''"kldload cuse4bsd"?
'''

<pre>
fred@fred-ghostbsd-pc1 /u/h/fred [64]> ls -l /dev/cu*
crw-rw----  1 uucp  dialer    0x3a May 15 13:51 /dev/cuau2
crw-rw----  1 uucp  dialer    0x3b May 15 13:51 /dev/cuau2.init
crw-rw----  1 uucp  dialer    0x3c May 15 13:51 /dev/cuau2.lock
crw-------  1 root  operator   0x3 May 15 13:51 /dev/cuse
 </pre>
<code> sudo service devd restart </code>
<pre>
Password:
 * WARNING: you are stopping a boot service
 * Caching service dependencies ...
Service `slurmd' needs non existent service `munge'                                                                           [ ok ]
 * Stopping devd ...                                                                                                          [ ok ]
 * Starting devd ...                    
</pre>
<code>
 sudo  webcamd -d ugen1.3 -i 0 -v 0 
</code>
Webcamd is already running for ugen1.3.0


[https://webcamtests.com/   This tested out my web camera is operational on GhostBSD. ]

[https://webcamtests.com/reviews/14769  My testing and review on webcamtests.com ]

Howto Install a picture viewer for using/testing GhostBSD web camera.
 <code>pkg install pwcview </code>

===How to Disable Your Lenovo Trackpad===

[https://ben-rowan.github.io/post/disable_lenovo_trackpad/ FreeBSD: Disable Your Lenovo Trackpad]

===And for my webcam to work in the internet browser, how do I do it?===

Firstly, weI would suggest installing webcamoid to confirm your camera works as expected.

<code>sudo pkg install webcamoid</code>

Then select,  "Applications" -> "Sound & Video" -> "Webcamoid"

If webcamoid crashes, it is likely your webcam is not recognized.

You'll likely need to make the ''/boot/devices.hints'' writable, and then add additional entries to get your webcam recognized. It is similar to adding audio entries for apple laptops. Which entries you require depends on model.
----
===Get tearfree video on Intel cards===
Create the file '''20-intel.conf''' in directory:
'''/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.config.d/'''

paste this in the file:

    Section "Device"
        Identifier     "Card0"
        Driver    "intel"
        Option    "DRI" "3"
        Option    "AccelMethod" "SNA"
        Option    "TearFree" "true"
    EndSection


In your '''/boot/loader.conf''' put the following:

    drm.i915.enable_rc6=7
    drm.i915.semaphores="1"
    drm.i915.enable_fbc="1"


And make sure you load <code>kld_list="i915kms"</code>
in your '''/etc/rc.conf'''

For more information check out this link:
https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/intel-video-and-screentearing.72085/
----

==Network related==

===Wifi/WLAN===

====HowTo setup Wifi Edimax EW-7811utn USB Dongle for GhostBSD====

[https://forums.ghostbsd.org/viewtopic.php?f=64&t=526 HowTo setup Wifi Edimax EW-7811utn USB Dongle for GhostBSD]

====How to setup RealTek RTL8188CE Wii-Fi PCI network hardware====
[https://forums.ghostbsd.org/viewtopic.php?t=570 RealTek RTL8188CE Wii-Fi PCI network hardware setup]


====Some issues with WLAN/WiFi====

Proposals from the community see on special page [[WLAN]]

====Wireless Support====

[https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/network-wireless.html Handbook Chapter: 31.3. Wireless Networking]


==== Ralink Technology USB IEEE 802.11a/g/n wireless network device, Bellkin FSD 8053 drivers====

The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?run(4) run] driver supports USB 2.0 wireless adapters based on	the Ralink     RT2700U, RT2800U, RT3000U and RT3900E chipsets.

The RT2700U chipset consists of two integrated chips, an RT2770 MAC/BBP     and an RT2720 (1T2R) or RT2750 (dual-band 1T2R) radio transceiver.

The RT2800U chipset consists of two integrated chips, an RT2870 MAC/BBP     and an RT2820 (2T3R) or RT2850 (dual-band 2T3R) radio transceiver.

The RT3000U is a single-chip solution based on an RT3070 MAC/BBP and an     RT3020 (1T1R), RT3021 (1T2R) or RT3022 (2T2R) single-band radio transceiver.
The RT3900E is a single-chip USB 2.0 802.11n solution.  The MAC/Baseband     Processor can be an RT3593, RT5390, RT5392	or an RT5592.  The radio can     be	an RT3053, RT5370, RT5372 or an	RT5572.	 The RT3053 chip operates in     the 2GHz and 5GHz spectra and supports up to 3 transmit paths and 3 receiver paths (3T3R).  The RT5370 chip operates in the 2GHz	spectrum and     supports 1	transmit path and 1 receiver path (1T1R).  The RT5372 chip operates in the 2GHz	spectrum and supports up to 2 transmit paths and 2 receiver paths (2T2R).  The RT5572 chip operates in the 2GHz	and 5GHz spectra and supports up to 2 transmit paths and 2 receiver paths (2T2R).

Tip from Neville Goddard, [15.07.20 01:31] on Telegram

====Additional sources for information====

[https://wiki.freebsd.org/WiFi?highlight=%28%5CbCategoryProject%5Cb%29 FreeBSD Wireless]

===Using USB Tethering on GhostBSD with Android===

* [https://cyber.dabamos.de/unix/tethering/ Tethering on FreeBSD]
* [https://puppylinux-or-pcbsd.blogspot.com/2019/09/ghostbsd-rising-url-links-for-good-stuff.html Hint from FastVoteFred]
* [https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/network-usb-tethering.html FreeBSD Handbook Chapter: 31.4. USB Tethering]
* Thanks for the hints from [[User:Wb7odyfred|Wb7odyfred]]


===Looking for Bluetooth support?===

====[https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/network-bluetooth.html FreeBSD Handbook Chapter 31.5. Bluetooth]====

====Bluetooth on GhostBSD====

Explanations by NevilleGoddard on the GhostBSD Forum:
* [https://forums.ghostbsd.org/viewtopic.php?t=970 Bluetooth on GhostBSD]
* [https://forums.ghostbsd.org/viewtopic.php?f=63&t=1676 Bluetooth Quick Start Guide on GhostBSD]
----

==Security==

===is anyone know why pf firewall not started after restart? i already put "pf_enable="YES" to `/etc/rc.conf"===


Vic Thacker, on Telegram [26.05.20 03:55]
<code>sudo rc-update add pf default</code>
<code>sudo rc-service pf start</code>
----

==Files and file systems==

===Search for Files on GhostBSD===
There is a very useful application called catfish that can be used to search your computer for files.
Read more on the 
* [https://forums.ghostbsd.org/viewtopic.php?f=76&t=741 GhostBSD Forum]
Author:  Neville Goddard

===How to transfer files from Android to GhostBSD===

Install <br/>
<code>android-file-transfer </code>

and you may have to install <br/>
<code>mtp-libs</code>

also. Connect your phone with USB and start android-file-transfer.


===MTP===

See [https://forums.ghostbsd.org/viewtopic.php?f=63&t=498&p=2229&hilit=android#p2229 our forum]
See android-file-transfer-qt5 forum post  [https://forums.ghostbsd.org/viewtopic.php?p=8951#p8951 android-file-transfer-qt5 GUI app]
----

==Mount / unmount==

===How to mount Ext4 internal SSD===
[https://forums.ghostbsd.org/viewtopic.php?f=63&t=782 Mount Ext4 internal SSD]

===Show USB devices===
* Connect USB device
* Open a terminal
* Change to root
* Write: [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gpart&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports <nowiki># gpart show</nowiki>]
* gpart will show you the device da'''x''' and the partition s'''x'''

===mount NTFS===

* Do first <code>gpart show</code> 
* Install: '''ntfs-3g'''
* Write: <code># ntfs-3g /dev/da5s1 /mnt</code>
* da5s1 is an example
* /mnt is the mountpoint you wish
* open Thunar and go to /mnt
* Thunar shows you the content of your device and you can work with it
* Caja does not allways
Source: Tested by [[User:Slughorn|Slughorn]]<br/>
Thanks to:[https://forums.ghostbsd.org/viewtopic.php?f=91&t=1532 user hunghung]
* Addition from Alessandro “Sasha” Dimichino, [26.04.20 15:10] on Telegram: "I would specify if possible that the package to be installed to have the '''ntfs-3g''' command is '''fusefs-ntfs'''".

===mount FAT32===
See also [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=msdosfs&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports msdosfs]
* Do first <code>gpart show</code>
* Write:<code># mount -t msdosfs /dev/da5s1 /mnt</code>
* da5s1 is an example
* /mnt is the mountpoint you wish
* open Thunar and go to /mnt
* Thunar shows you the content of your device and you can work with it
* Caja does not always
Tested by [[User:Slughorn|Slughorn]]<br/>
Thanks to:[https://forums.ghostbsd.org/viewtopic.php?f=91&t=1532 user hunghung]

----


==[[System]] management==

===[[Rc|rc]] Shell===
Command scripts for auto-reboot and daemon startup|br/>
See: [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&apropos=0&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html Man Page]

===[[Pkg|pkg]] is locked by an other process===
<code>sudo killall -9 pkg && sudo pkg update -f && sudo pkg upgrade -y</code><br/>
Suggestion from #hd_scania on Telegram on 25.01.2020 at 11:10

===System sticks during shutdown===
If your system sticks during shutdown at: Saving dependencies cache <br/>
* Do: <br/><code>sudo rc-update delete savecache shutdown</code> <br/>
That will remove save cache.<br/>
Tip from [https://forums.ghostbsd.org/viewtopic.php?f=91&t=1501 Eric]


===How to find multiple interface language packs on GhostBSD===
* Go to [[Profile]]

===How to set [[OpenRC]] parallel service startup===
Put in <br/>
<code>/etc/rc.conf </code><br/>
<code>rc_parallel="YES"</code><br/>
"But I don't think it works properly yet." <br/>
Source: Neville Goddard on Telegram on 16.02.2020 at 15:40


===What to do if after reboot the sshd stops===

* With status: stopped

Neville Goddard, [12.03.20 00:09] on Telegram<br/>
[In reply to Ulf Danielsson]<br/>
To keep the service going after reboot run<br/>

<code>rc-update add sshd</code>

===Where can I find [[OpenRC]] documented===

See link above and the following:
* [[OpenRC|On this wiki]]
* [https://github.com/OpenRC/openrc/blob/master/README.md Development on GitHub]
* [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/OpenRC gentoo wiki]
* [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/OpenRC archlinux wiki]


----

==More tips and tricks ==
* [https://forums.ghostbsd.org/viewforum.php?f=76 on the GhostBSD Forum]
* [https://wiki.freebsd.org/ FreeBSD Wiki]
* [https://forums.freebsd.org/ The FreeBSD Forums] 
* If you look for something special, we recommend [https://forums.freebsd.org/forums/howtos-and-faqs-moderated.39/ Howtos from FreeBSD] 


{{How to Report Issues}}




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