Difference between revisions of "/usr/bin/"

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{{Welcome}}
 
{{Welcome}}
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{{Navbar System Administation Utilities}}
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==Introduction==
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Here you will find a lot of small applications, you don't find on your desktop task bar. No starter is there but on your computer. You can use them only on the cli. All commands are connected to the man pages. So you can read how to use them.
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==Content==
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{|class="wikitable" style="width:96.5%;background:#FFFFFF; border:2px solid #008000;text-align:left;padding: 10px"  
 
{|class="wikitable" style="width:96.5%;background:#FFFFFF; border:2px solid #008000;text-align:left;padding: 10px"  
 
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! scope="col" style="width: 100px;"|'''Directory'''
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! scope="col" style="width: 100px;"|'''Utility'''
 
! scope="col" style="width: 350px;"|'''Description'''
 
! scope="col" style="width: 350px;"|'''Description'''
 
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|addr2line|| The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=addr2line&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html addr2line] utility translates program addresses specified by the command line arguments hexaddress to their corresponding source file names      and line numbers. If no arguments are given to addr2line, it will read    these addresses from standard input.
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|alias||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=alias&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html a shell built-in command] The shell maintains a list of aliases  which  can  be  set,  unset  and printed by  the alias and unalias commands. See [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports]
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|apply||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=apply&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html apply] utility runs the named command on each argument argument in    turn.
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|apropos||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=apropos&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html apropos] and whatis utilities query manual page databases generated by [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=makewhatis&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports  makewhatis(8)], evaluating expression for each file in each database.  By      default, they display the names, section numbers, and description lines    of all matching manuals.
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|ar|| The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ar&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ar] utility creates and maintains groups of files combined into an ar    chive.  Once an archive has been created, new files can be added to it,    and existing files can be extracted, deleted or replaced.
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|as||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=as&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html AS]  the portable GNU assembler
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|asa||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=asa&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html asa] utility reads files sequentially, mapping FORTRAN carriage-control characters to line-printer control sequences, and writes them to the      standard output.
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|asn1_compile||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=asn1&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ASN.1] library contains routines to handle ASN.1 encoding for SNMP.  It supports only the restricted form of ASN.1 as required by SNMP.
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|at||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=at&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html at and batch] utilities read commands from standard input or a specified file which are to be executed at a later time, using [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports sh(1)].
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|atq||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=at&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html at and batch] utilities read commands from standard input or a specified file which are to be executed at a later time, using [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports sh(1)].
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|atrm||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=at&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html at and batch] utilities read commands from standard input or a specified file which are to be executed at a later time, using [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports sh(1)].
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|awk||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=awk&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html awk] scans each input file for lines that match any of a set of patterns      specified literally in prog or in one or more files specified as -f    progfile. With each pattern there can be an associated action that will    be performed when a line of a file matches the pattern.
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|b64decode||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=b64decode&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html] The uuencode and uudecode utilities are used to transmit binary files      over transmission mediums that do not support other than simple ASCII    data.  The b64encode utility is synonymous with uuencode with the -m flag
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specified. The b64decode utility is synonymous with uudecode with the -m    flag specified.
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|b64encode||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=b64decode&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html] The uuencode and uudecode utilities are used to transmit binary files      over transmission mediums that do not support other than simple ASCII    data.  The b64encode utility is synonymous with uuencode with the -m flag specified. The b64decode utility is synonymous with uudecode with the -m    flag specified.
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|banner||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=banner&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html Banner] prints a large, high quality banner on the standard output. If      the message is omitted, it prompts for and reads one line of its standard      input.
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|basename||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=basename&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html basename, dirname] return filename or directory portion of pathname
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|batch||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=at&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html at and batch] utilities read commands from standard input or a specified file which are to be executed at a later time, using [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports sh(1)].
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|bc||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bc&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html bc] is an interactive processor for a language which resembles C but pro    vides unlimited precision arithmetic.  It takes input from any expressions on the command line and any files given, then reads the standard    input.
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|bg||Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process.  Note that, in the case of [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports csh(1)] builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a    pipeline except the last.
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|biff||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=biff&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html biff] utility informs the system whether you want to be notified on      your terminal when mail arrives.
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|brandelf||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=brandelf&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html brandelf] utility marks an ELF binary to be run under a certain ABI      for FreeBSD.
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|bsdcat||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdcat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html bsdcat] typically takes a filename as an argument or reads standard input      when used in a pipe. In both cases decompressed data it written to standard output.
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|bsdcpio||cpio copies files between archives and directories.  This implementation      can extract from tar, pax, cpio, zip, jar, ar, and ISO 9660 cdrom images    and can create tar, pax, cpio, ar, and shar archives.
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|bsdiff||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdiff&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html bsdiff] utility compares oldfile to newfile and writes to patchfile a      binary patch suitable for use by [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bspatch&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports bspatch(1)].  When ldfile and newfile    are two versions of an executable program, the patches produced are on      average a factor of five smaller than those produced by any other binary    patch tool known to the author.
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|bsdtar||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdtar&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html tar] creates and manipulates streaming archive files.  This implementation      can extract from tar, pax, cpio, zip, jar, ar, xar, rpm, 7-zip, and ISO    9660 cdrom images and can create tar, pax, cpio, ar, zip, 7-zip, and shar    archives.
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|bsnmpget||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsnmpget&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html bsnmpget, bsnmpwalk and bsnmpset] are simple tools for retrieving management information from and setting management information to a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent.
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|bsnmpset||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsnmpget&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html bsnmpget, bsnmpwalk and bsnmpset] are simple tools for retrieving management information from and setting management information to a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent.
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|bsnmpwalk||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsnmpget&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html bsnmpget, bsnmpwalk and bsnmpset] are simple tools for retrieving management information from and setting management information to a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent.
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|bspatch||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bspatch&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html bspatch] utility generates newfile from oldfile and patchfile where      patchfile is a binary patch built by [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdiff&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports bsdiff(1)].
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|bthost|| The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bthost&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html bthost] utility looks for information about Bluetooth hosts and Protocol Service Multiplexor (PSM) values.  It gets this information from the  <code>  /etc/bluetooth/hosts</code> and <code>/etc/bluetooth/protocols</code> files.
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|btsockstat||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=btsockstat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html btsockstat] utility symbolically displays the contents of various      Bluetooth sockets related data structures. There are few output formats,    depending on the options for the information presented.  The btsockstat utility will print results to the standard output and error messages to      the standard error.
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|bunzip2||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bunzip2&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html bzip2]  compresses  files using the Burrows-Wheeler block sorting text        compression algorithm, and Huffman coding.  Compression is  generally      considerably  better  than  that  achieved by  more  conventional      LZ77/LZ78-based compressors, and approaches the performance of the  PPM family of statistical compressors.
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|byacc||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=byacc&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html Yacc] reads the grammar specification in the file filename and generates        an  LALR(1)  parser  for it.  The parsers consist of a set of LALR(1)      parsing tables and a driver routine written in the C  programming  language.  Yacc normally writes the parse tables and the driver routine to the file y.tab.c.
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|bzcat||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzcat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html  bzcat] - decompresses files to stdout
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|bzegrep|| zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep,      lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep    compressed files [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzegrep&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html]
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|bzfgrep||zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep,      lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep    compressed files [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzegrep&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html]
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|bzgrep||zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep,      lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep    compressed files [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzegrep&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html]
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|bzip2||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html bzip2]  compresses  files using the Burrows-Wheeler block sorting text        compression algorithm, and Huffman coding.  Compression is  generally      considerably  better  than  that  achieved by  more  conventional      LZ77/LZ78-based compressors, and approaches the performance of the  PPM family of statistical compressors.
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|bzip2recover||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html bzip2]  compresses  files using the Burrows-Wheeler block sorting text        compression algorithm, and Huffman coding.  Compression is  generally      considerably  better  than  that  achieved by  more  conventional      LZ77/LZ78-based compressors, and approaches the performance of the  PPM family of statistical compressors.
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|bzless||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzless&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html bzmore, bzless]  file perusal  filter for crt viewing of bzip2 compressed text
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|c89||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=c89&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html c89] -- POSIX.2 C language compiler
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|c99||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=c99&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html c99] -- standard C language compiler
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|caesar||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=caesar&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html caesar] utility attempts to decrypt caesar ciphers using English letter frequency statistics. Caesar reads from the standard input and    writes to the standard output.
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The optional numerical argument rotation may be used to specify a specific rotation value.  If invoked as [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=caesar&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rot13], a rotation value of 13 will
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be used.
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|cal||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cal&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html cal, ncal] -- displays a calendar and the date of Easter
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|calenda||Unknown command calenda
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|cap_mkdb||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cap_mkdb&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html cap_mkdb] utility builds a hashed database out of the [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getcap&sektion=3&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports getcap(3)] logical database constructed by the concatenation of the specified files.
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|CC||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cc&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html clang]  is  a C, C++, and Objective-C compiler which encompasses preprocessing, parsing, optimization, code generation, assembly, and linking.
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|cd||Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process.  Note that, in the case of [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports csh(1)] builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a    pipeline except the last.
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|chat||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html chat] program defines a conversational exchange between the computer and the modem.  Its primary purpose is to establish the connection between the Point-to-Point Protocol Daemon (pppd) and the remote's pppd process.
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|chfn||chpass, chfn, chsh, ypchpass, ypchfn, ypchsh -- add or change user database information [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chfn&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html]
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|chgrp||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chgrp&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html chgrp] utility sets the group ID of the file named by each file oper  and to the group ID specified by the group operand.
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|chkey||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chkey&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html chkey] utility prompts the user for their login password, and uses it    to encrypt a new encryption key for the user to be stored in the [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=publickey&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports publickey(5)] database.
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|chpass||chpass, chfn, chsh, ypchpass, ypchfn, ypchsh -- add or change user database information [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chfn&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html]
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|chsh||chpass, chfn, chsh, ypchpass, ypchfn, ypchsh -- add or change user database information [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chfn&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html]
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|cksum||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cksum&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html cksum] utility writes to the standard output three whitespace sepa rated fields for each input file. These fields are a checksum CRC, the
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total number of octets in the file and the file name.  If no file name is specified, the standard input is used and no file name is written.
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|clear||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clear&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html tput, clear] -- terminal capability interface
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|cmp||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cmp&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html cmp] utility compares two files of any type and writes the results to the standard output.  By default, cmp is silent if the files are the same; if they differ, the byte and line number at which the first difference occurred is reported.
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|col||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=col&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html col] utility filters out reverse (and half reverse) line feeds so that the output is in the correct order with only forward and half forward line feeds, and replaces white-space characters with tabs where possible. This can be useful in processing the output of [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nroff&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports nroff(1)] and [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tbl&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports tbl(1)].
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|colldef||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=colldef&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html colldef] utility converts a collation sequence source definition into  a format usable by the strxfrm() and strcoll() functions. It is used to  define the many ways in which strings can be ordered and collated
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|colrm||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=colrm&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html colrm] utility removes selected columns from the lines of a file.  A  column is defined as a single character in a line. Input is read from the standard input.  Output is written to the standard output.
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|column||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=column&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html column] utility formats its input into multiple columns.  Rows are filled before columns.  Input is taken from file operands, or, by default, from the standard input.  Empty lines are ignored.
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|-
 +
|comm||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=comm&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html comm] utility reads file1 and file2, which should be sorted lexically, and produces three text columns as output: lines only in file1; lines only in file2; and lines in both files.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|command||Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process.  Note that, in the case of [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports csh(1)] builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a    pipeline except the last.
 +
|-
 +
|compile_et||Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process.  Note that, in the case of [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports csh(1)] builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a    pipeline except the last.
 +
|-
 +
|compress||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uncompress&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html compress, uncompress] -- compress and expand data
 +
|-
 +
|cpio||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpio&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html cpio] copies files between archives and directories.  This implementation can extract from tar, pax, cpio, zip, jar, ar, and ISO 9660 cdrom images    and can create tar, pax, cpio, ar, and shar archives.
 +
|-
 +
|cpp||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpp&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html clang]  is  a C, C++, and Objective-C compiler which encompasses preprocessing, parsing, optimization, code generation, assembly, and linking.  Depending  on  which high-level mode setting is passed, Clang will stop      before doing a full link.  While Clang is highly integrated, it is  important to  understand the stages of compilation, to understand how to  invoke it.
 +
|-
 +
|cpuset||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpuset&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html cpuset] command can be used to assign processor sets to processes, run commands constrained to a given set or list of processors and memory domains, and query information about processor binding, memory binding and  policy, sets, and available processors and memory domains in the system.
 +
|-
 +
|crontab||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crontab&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html crontab] utility is the program used to install, deinstall or list the tables used to drive the [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cron&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports cron(8)] daemon in Vixie Cron.  Each user can  have their own crontab, and though these are files in /var, they are not  intended to be edited directly.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|crunchgen||A [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crunchgen&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html crunched] binary is a program made up of many other programs linked together into a single executable.  The crunched binary main() function determines which component program to run by the contents of argv[0].  The    main reason to crunch programs together is for fitting as many programs  as possible onto an installation or system recovery floppy.
 +
|-
 +
|crunchide||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crunchide&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html crunchide] utility hides the global symbols of object-file such that  they are ignored by subsequent runs of the linker, ld(1). Some symbols  may be left visible via the -k keep-symbol and -f keep-list-file options.  The keep-list-file must contain a list of symbols to keep visible, one  symbol per line.  The names given by keep-symbol or in keep-list-file    should be C names. For example, to keep the C function "foo" visible,    the option "-k foo" should be used.
 +
|-
 +
|crypt||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crypt&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html enigma] utility, also known as crypt is a very simple '''encryption program''', working on a "secret-key" basis.  It operates as a filter, i.e., it    encrypts or decrypts a stream of data from standard input, and writes the    result to standard output. Since its operation is fully symmetrical,    feeding the encrypted data stream again through the engine (using the    same secret key) will decrypt it.
 +
|-
 +
|csplit||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csplit&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html csplit] utility '''splits file into pieces''' using the patterns args.
 +
|-
 +
|ctags|| The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctags&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ctags] utility makes a tags file for [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ex&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports ex(1)] from the specified C, Pascal, Fortran, [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=yacc&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports yacc(1)], [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lex&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports lex(1)] and Lisp sources.  A tags file gives the    locations of specified objects in a group of files.
 +
|-
 +
|ctfconvert||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctfconvert&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ctfconvert] utility converts debug information from a binary file to CTF data and replaces the debug section of that file with a CTF section    called SUNW_ctf.  This new section is added to the input file, unless the -o ption is present.  You can also opt to keep the original debugging      section with the -g option
 +
|-
 +
|ctfdump||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctfdump&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ctfdump] utility dumps the contents of the CTF data section (SUNW_ctf)  present in an ELF binary file.  This section was previously created with    [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctfconvert&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports ctfconvert(1)] or [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctfmerge&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports ctfmerge(1)].
 +
|-
 +
|ctfmerge||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctfmerge&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports] The ctfmerge utility merges several CTF data sections from several files      into one output file, unifying common data.
 +
|-
 +
|ctlstat||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ctlstat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ctlstat] utility provides statistics information for the CAM Target      Layer.  The first display (except for dump and JSON modes) shows average    statistics since system startup.  Subsequent displays show average statistics during the measurement interval.
 +
|-
 +
|cu||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cu&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html cu] utility establishes a full-duplex connection to another machine,  giving the appearance of being logged in directly on the remote CPU.  It    goes without saying that you must have a login on the machine (or equivalent) to which you wish to connect.
 +
|-
 +
|cut||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cut&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html cut] utility cuts out selected portions of each line (as specified by  list) from each file and writes them to the standard output.  If no file    arguments are specified, or a file argument is a single dash (`-'), cut  reads from the standard input.  The items specified by list can be in    terms of column position or in terms of fields delimited by a special    character. Column and field numbering start from 1.
 +
|-
 +
|dc||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html dc] -- desk calculator
 +
|-
 +
|dialog||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dialog&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html Dialog] is a program that will let you to present a variety of questions  or display messages using dialog boxes  from  a shell  script.
 +
|-
 +
|diff||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=diff&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html diff] utility compares the contents of file1 and file2 and writes to    the standard output the list of changes necessary to convert one file  into the other.
 +
|-
 +
|diff3||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=diff3&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html Compare] three files line by line.
 +
|-
 +
|dirname||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=basename&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html basename, dirname] return filename or directory portion of pathname
 +
|-
 +
|dpv||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dpv&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html  dpv] provides a dialog progress view, allowing a user to see current  throughput rate and total data transferred for one or more streams.
 +
|-
 +
|drill||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=drill&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html drill]  is a tool to designed to get all sorts of information out of the DNS. It is specificly designed to be used with DNSSEC.
 +
|-
 +
|dtc||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dtc&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html dtc] utility converts between flattened device tree (FDT) representations.  It is most commonly used to generate device tree blobs (DTB), the  binary representation of an FDT, from device tree sources (DTS), the  ASCII text source representation.
 +
|-
 +
|du||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=du&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html du] utility displays the file system block usage for each file argument and for each directory in the file hierarchy rooted in each directory argument.  If no file is specified, the block usage of the hierarchy  rooted in the current directory is displayed.
 +
|-
 +
|edit||The  command  [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=edit&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ee] is a simple screen oriented text editor.  It is always  in text insertion mode unless there is a prompt at the  bottom  of  the  terminal,  or  a menu present (in a box in the middle of the terminal).  The command ree is the same as ee, but restricted to editing the named      file (no file operations, or shell escapes are allowed).
 +
|-
 +
|ee||The  command  [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=edit&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ee] is a simple screen oriented text editor.  It is always  in text insertion mode unless there is a prompt at the  bottom  of  the  terminal,  or  a menu present (in a box in the middle of the terminal).  The command ree is the same as ee, but restricted to editing the named      file (no file operations, or shell escapes are allowed).
 +
|-
 +
|egrep||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=egrep&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html grep,  egrep,  fgrep, zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep] -  print lines matching a pattern
 +
|-
 +
|elf2aout||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=elf2aout&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html elf2aout] utility is used to convert an ELF formatted binary, namely a      kernel, to an a.out formatted one. Most OpenBoot firmware require an    a.out format or FCode boot image and this utility is designed to accommodate.  If infile is not in ELF format, an error message will be presented.
 +
|-
 +
|elfdump||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=elfdump&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html elfdump ]-- display information about ELF files
 +
|-
 +
|enigma||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=crypt&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html enigma] utility, also known as crypt is a very simple '''encryption program''', working on a "secret-key" basis.  It operates as a filter, i.e., it    encrypts or decrypts a stream of data from standard input, and writes the    result to standard output. Since its operation is fully symmetrical,    feeding the encrypted data stream again through the engine (using the    same secret key) will decrypt it.
 +
|-
 +
|env||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=env&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html env] utility executes another utility after modifying the environment    as specified on the command line. Each name=value option specifies the    setting of an environment variable, name, with a value of value.  All such environment variables are set before the utility is executed.
 +
|-
 +
|etdump||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=etdump&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html etdump] -- Dump El Torito boot catalog information from ISO images
 +
|-
 +
|ex||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ex&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ex, vi, view] -- text editors; vi is a screen-oriented text editor.  '''ex''' is a line-oriented text editor. '''ex'''and '''vi''' are different interfaces to the same program, and it is possible to switch back and forth during an edit session.  '''view '''is the equivalent of using the -R (read-only) option of vi.
 +
|-
 +
|expand||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=expand&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html expand, unexpand] -- expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa
 +
|-
 +
|factor||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=factor&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html Factor]  prints  number  and its prime factors, each repeated the proper number of times.
 +
|-
 +
|false||Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process.  Note that, in the case of [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports csh(1)] builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a    pipeline except the last.
 +
|-
 +
|fc||Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process.  Note that, in the case of [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports csh(1)] builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a    pipeline except the last.
 +
|-
 +
|fetch||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html fetch] utility provides a command-line interface to the [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&sektion=3&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports fetch(3)] library.  Its purpose is to retrieve the file(s) pointed to by the URL(s)    on the command line.
 +
|-
 +
|fg||Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process.  Note that, in the case of [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports csh(1)] builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a    pipeline except the last.
 +
|-
 +
|fgrep||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=egrep&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html grep,  egrep,  fgrep, zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep] -  print lines matching a pattern
 +
|-
 +
|file||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=file&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html file] tests each argument in an attempt to classify it.  There are three  sets of tests, performed in this order:  filesystem tests, magic tests,      and language tests.  The first test that succeeds causes the file type to    be printed.
 +
|-
 +
|file2c||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=file2c&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html file2c] utility reads a file from stdin and writes it to stdout, converting each byte to its decimal or hexadecimal representation on the fly.  The byte values are separated by a comma.  This also means that the last byte value is not followed by a comma.  By default the byte values are printed in decimal, but when the -x option is given, the values will  be printed in hexadecimal. When -s option is given, each line is printed    with a leading tab and each comma is followed by a space except for the    last one on the line.
 +
|-
 +
|find||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html find] utility recursively descends the directory tree for each path    listed, evaluating an expression (composed of the "primaries" and    "operands" listed below) in terms of each file in the tree.
 +
|-
 +
|finger||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=finger&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html finger] utility displays information about the system users.
 +
|-
 +
|flex||This manual describes [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=flex&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html flex], a tool for generating programs that perform pattern-matching on text.
 +
|-
 +
|flex++||
 +
|-
 +
|fmt||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fmt&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html fmt] -- simple text formatter
 +
|-
 +
|fold||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fold&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html fold] utility is a filter which folds the contents of the specified      files, or the standard input if no files are specified, breaking the    lines to have a maximum of 80 columns.
 +
|-
 +
|fortune||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fortune&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html  Fortune] prints a  one-line  aphorism  chosen at random.  If a file is        specified, the saying is taken from that file; otherwise it is selected      from /usr/local/plan9/lib/fortunes.
 +
|-
 +
|from||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=from&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html from] utility prints out the mail header lines from the invoker's    mailbox.
 +
|-
 +
|fstat||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html fstat] utility identifies open files.  A file is considered open by a      process if it was explicitly opened, is the working directory, root directory, jail root directory, active executable text, or kernel trace file for that process.  If no options are specified, fstat reports on all  open files in the system.
 +
|-
 +
|fsync||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fsync&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html fsync] utility causes all the modified data and meta-data of all the files named on the command line to be written to a permanent storage device.
 +
|-
 +
|ftp||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ftp] -- Internet file transfer program
 +
|-
 +
|fuser||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fuser&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html fuser] -- list IDs of all processes that have one or more files open
 +
|-
 +
|gate-ftp||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ftp&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ftp] -- Internet file transfer program
 +
|-
 +
|gcore||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gcore&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html gcore] -- get core images of running process
 +
|-
 +
|gencat||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gencat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html gencat] -- NLS catalog compiler
 +
|-
 +
|getaddrinfo||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getaddrinfo&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html getaddrinfo] -- resolve names to socket addresses
 +
|-
 +
|getconf||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getconf&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html getconf] -- retrieve standard configuration variables
 +
|-
 +
|getent||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getent&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html getent] -- get entries from administrative database
 +
|-
 +
|getopt||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getopt&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html getopt] -- parse command options
 +
|-
 +
|getopts||Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process.  Note that, in the case of [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports csh(1)] builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a    pipeline except the last.
 +
|-
 +
|gnugrep||
 +
|-
 +
|gprof||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gprof&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html gprof] utility produces an execution profile of C, Pascal, or Fortran77 programs.
 +
|-
 +
|grdc||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=grdc&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html grdc] runs a digital clock made of reverse-video blanks on a curses compatible VDU screen.
 +
|-
 +
|grep||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=egrep&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html grep,  egrep,  fgrep, zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep] -  print lines matching a pattern
 +
|-
 +
|groups||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=groups&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html groups] utility has been obsoleted by the [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=id&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports id(1)] utility, and is equivalent to "id -Gn [user]". The command "id -p" is suggested for normal  interactive use
 +
|-
 +
|gunzip||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gunzip&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html gzip, gunzip, zcat] -- compression/decompression tool using Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77)
 +
|-
 +
|gzcat||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gunzip&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html gzip, gunzip, zcat] -- compression/decompression tool using Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77)
 +
|-
 +
|gzexe||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gzexe&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html gzexe] -- create auto-decompressing executables
 +
|-
 +
|gzip||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gunzip&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html gzip, gunzip, zcat] -- compression/decompression tool using Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77)
 +
|-
 +
|hash||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hash&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html shell built-in commands]
 +
|-
 +
|hd||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html hexdump] utility is a filter which displays the specified files, or  the standard input, if no files are specified, in a user specified format.
 +
|-
 +
|head||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=head&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html head] -- display first lines of a file
 +
|-
 +
|hexdump||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html hexdump] utility is a filter which displays the specified files, or  the standard input, if no files are specified, in a user specified format.
 +
|-
 +
|host||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=host&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html host] is a simple utility for performing DNS lookups.  It is normally used  to convert names to IP addresses and vice versa.
 +
|-
 +
|hxtool||
 +
|-
 +
|ibstat||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ibstat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ibstat]  is  a binary which displays basic information obtained from the local IB driver. Output includes LID, SMLID, port state, link width active, and port physical state.
 +
|-
 +
|ibv_asyncwatch||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ibv_asyncwatch&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ibv_asyncwatch] - display asynchronous events
 +
|-
 +
|ibv_devices||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ibv_devices&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ibv_devices] - list RDMA devices
 +
|-
 +
|ibv_devinfo||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ibv_devinfo&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html Print information] about RDMA devices available for use from userspace.
 +
|-
 +
|ibv_rc_pingpong||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ibv_rc_pingpong&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html Run]  a simple ping-pong test over InfiniBand via the reliable connected    (RC) transport.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|ibv_srq_pingpong||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ibv_srq_pingpong&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ibv_srq_pingpong] run a simple ping-pong test over InfiniBand via the reliable  connected (RC)  transport, using multiple queue pairs (QPs) and a single shared    receive queue (SRQ).
 +
|-
 +
|ibv_uc_pingpong||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ibv_uc_pingpong&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ibv_uc_pingpong] - simple InfiniBand UC transport test
 +
|-
 +
|ibv_ud_pingpong||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ibv_ud_pingpong&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ibv_ud_pingpong] - simple InfiniBand UD transport test
 +
|-
 +
|iconv||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=iconv&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html iconv] -- codeset conversion utility
 +
|-
 +
|id||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=id&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html id] -- return user identity
 +
|-
 +
|ident||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ident&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ident] -- identify RCS keyword string in files
 +
|-
 +
|indent||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html indent] -- indent and format C program source
 +
|-
 +
|install||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=install&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html install] -- install binaries
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|ipcrm||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipcrm&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ipcrm] -- remove the specified message queues, semaphore sets, and shared      segments
 +
|-
 +
|ipcs||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipcs&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ipcs] -- report System V interprocess communication facilities status
 +
|-
 +
|iscsictl||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=iscsictl&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html iscsictl] -- iSCSI initiator management utility
 +
|-
 +
|jobs||Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process.  Note that, in the case of [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports csh(1)] builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a    pipeline except the last.
 +
|-
 +
|join||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=join&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html join] -- relational database operator
 +
|-
 +
|jot||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jot&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html  jot] -- print sequential or random data
 +
|-
 +
|kadmin||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kadmin&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html kadmin] - Kerberos V5 database administration program
 +
|-
 +
|kcc||
 +
|-
 +
|kdestroy||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kdestroy&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html kdestroy] -- remove one credential or destroy the current ticket file
 +
|-
 +
|kdump||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kdump&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html kdump] -- display kernel trace data
 +
|-
 +
|/usr/bin/keylogin||The [https://wiki.ghostbsd.org/index.php?title=/usr/bin/&action=edit&section=2 keylogin] utility prompts the user for their login password, and uses it to decrypt the user's secret key stored in the [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=publickey&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports publickey(5)] database.  Once decrypted, the user's key is stored by the local key server process  [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=keyserv&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports keyserv(8)] to be used by any secure network services, such as NFS.
 +
|-
 +
|keylogout||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=keylogout&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html keylogout] utility deletes the key stored by the key server process [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=keyserv&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports  keyserv(8)] to be used by any secure network services, such as NFS. Further access to the key is revoked, however current session keys may remain valid till they expire, or are refreshed.  This option will cause    any background jobs that need secure RPC services to fail, and any scheduled at jobs that need the key to fail.  Also since only one copy is kept  on a machine of the key, it is a bad idea to place this in your ''.logout''    file since it will affect other sessions on the same machine.
 +
|-
 +
|kf||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kf&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html kf ]-- securely forward tickets
 +
|-
 +
|kgetcred||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kgetcred&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html kgetcred] obtains a ticket for a service.  Usually tickets for services  are obtained automatically when needed but sometimes for some odd reason  you want to obtain a particular ticket or of a special type.
 +
|-
 +
|killall||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=killall&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html killall] utility kills processes selected by name, as opposed to the      selection by PID as done by [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kill&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports kill(1)].
 +
|-
 +
|kinit||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kinit&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html kinit] -- acquire initial tickets
 +
|-
 +
|klist||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=klist&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html klist] -- list Kerberos credentials
 +
|-
 +
|kpasswd||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kpasswd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html kpasswd] -- Kerberos 5 password changing program
 +
|-
 +
|krb5-config||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=krb5-config&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html krb5-config] -- give information on how to link code against Heimdal libraries
 +
|-
 +
|ksu||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ksu&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ksu] - Kerberized super-user
 +
|-
 +
|kswitch||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kswitch&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html kswitch] -- switch between default credential caches
 +
|-
 +
|ktrace||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ktrace&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ktrace] -- enable kernel process tracing
 +
|-
 +
|ktrdump||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ktrdump&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ktrdump] -- print kernel ktr trace buffer
 +
|-
 +
|lam||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lam&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html lam] utility copies the named files side by side onto the standard output.  The n-th input lines from the input files are onsidered fragments of the single long n-th output line into which they are assembled. The name `-' means the standard input, and may be repeated.
 +
|-
 +
|last||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=last&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html last] utility will either list the sessions of specified users, ttys,      and hosts, in reverse time order, or list the users logged in at a specified date and time.
 +
|-
 +
|lastcomm||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lastcomm&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html lastcomm] -- show last commands executed
 +
|-
 +
|leave||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=leave&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html leave] -- remind you when you have to leave
 +
|-
 +
|less||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=less&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html Less] is a program similar to [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=more&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports more (1)], but which allows backward move ment in the file as well as forward movement.  Also, less does not have  to read the entire input file before  starting, so  with  large input      files  it  starts  up  faster than text editors like [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vi&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports vi (1)].
 +
|-
 +
|lessecho||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lessecho&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html lessecho] is a program that simply echos its arguments on standard output.  But any metacharacter in the output is preceded  by  an  "escape"  character, which by default is a backslash.
 +
|-
 +
|lesskey||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lesskey&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html lesskey] - specify key bindings for less
 +
|-
 +
|lesspipe.sh||
 +
|-
 +
|lex||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lex&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html flex, lex] - fast lexical analyzer generator
 +
|-
 +
|lex++||
 +
|-
 +
|limits||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=limits&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html limits] utility either prints or sets kernel resource limits, and may      optionally set environment variables like [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=env&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports env(1)] and run a program with    the selected resources.
 +
|-
 +
|locale||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=locale&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html locale] -- get locale-specific information
 +
|-
 +
|localedef||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=localedef&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html localedef] utility converts source definitions for locale categories into a format usable by the functions and utilities whose operational behavior is determined by the setting of the locale environment variables; see [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=environ&sektion=7&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports environ(7)].
 +
|-
 +
|locate||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=locate&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html locate] program searches a database for all pathnames which match the  specified pattern.
 +
|-
 +
|lock||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lock&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html lock] utility requests a password from the user, reads it again for  verification and then will normally not relinquish the terminal until the  password is repeated.  There are two other conditions under which it will terminate: it will timeout after some interval of time and it may be  killed by someone with the appropriate permission.
 +
|-
 +
|lockf||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lockf&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html lockf] -- execute a command while holding a file lock
 +
|-
 +
|logger||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=logger&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html logger] -- make entries in the system log
 +
|-
 +
|login||Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process.  Note that, in the case of [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports csh(1)] builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a    pipeline except the last.
 +
|-
 +
|logins||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=logins&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html logins] -- display account information
 +
|-
 +
|logname||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=logname&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html logname] -- display user's login name
 +
|-
 +
|look||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=look&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html look] -- display lines beginning with a given string
 +
|-
 +
|lorder||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lorder&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html lorder] utility uses [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nm&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports nm(1)] to determine interdependencies in the list  of object files and library archives specified on the command line.  The    lorder utility outputs a list of file names where the first file contains    a symbol which is defined by the second file.
 +
|-
 +
|lp||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lp&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html lp] utility is a front-end to the print spooler as required by the      IEEE Std 1003.2 ("POSIX.2") specification. It effectively invokes [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpr&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports lpr(1)]    with the proper set of arguments.
 +
|-
 +
|lpq||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpq&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html lpq] -- spool queue examination program
 +
|-
 +
|lpr||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpr&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports lpr(1)]-- off line print
 +
|-
 +
|lprm||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lprm&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html lprm] utility will remove a job, or jobs, from a printer's spool queue.
 +
|-
 +
|lsvfs||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lsvfs&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html lsvfs] -- list installed virtual file systems
 +
|-
 +
|lzcat||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lzcat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html xz],  unxz,  xzcat, lzma, unlzma, lzcat - Compress or decompress .xz and  .lzma files
 +
|-
 +
|lzdec||
 +
|-
 +
|lzegrep||zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep,      lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep    compressed files [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzegrep&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html]
 +
|-
 +
|lzfgrep||zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep,      lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep    compressed files [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzegrep&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html]
 +
|-
 +
|lzgrep||zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep,      lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep    compressed files [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzegrep&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html]
 +
|-
 +
|lzless||
 +
|-
 +
|lzma||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lzcat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html xz],  unxz,  xzcat, lzma, unlzma, lzcat - Compress or decompress .xz and  .lzma files
 +
|-
 +
|lzmainfo||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lzmainfo&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html lzmainfo] - show information stored in the .lzma file header
 +
|-
 +
|m4||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=m4&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html m4] utility is a macro processor that can be used as a front end to any language (e.g., C, ratfor, fortran, lex, and yacc).  If no input
 +
files are given, m4 reads from the standard input, otherwise files specified on the command line are processed in the given order. Input files    can be regular files, files in the m4 include paths, or a single dash (`-'), denoting standard input.  m4 writes the processed text to the    standard output, unless told otherwise.
 +
|-
 +
|mail||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mail&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mail, Mail, mailx]-- send and receive mail
 +
|-
 +
|Mail||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mail&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mail, Mail, mailx]-- send and receive mail
 +
|-
 +
|mailq||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mailq&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html Mailq] prints a summary of the mail messages queued for future delivery.
 +
|-
 +
|mailx||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mail&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mail, Mail, mailx]-- send and receive mail
 +
|-
 +
|make||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html make] is a program designed to simplify the maintenance of other programs. Its input is a list of specifications as to the files upon which programs  and other files depend.  If no -f makefile makefile option is given, make    will try to open `makefile' then `Makefile' in order to find the specifications.
 +
|-
 +
|make-roken||
 +
|-
 +
|makewhatis||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=makewhatis&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html makewhatis] utility extracts keywords from UNIX manuals and indexes them in a database for fast retrieval by [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=apropos&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports apropos(1), whatis(1)], and  [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports man(1)'s -k] option.
 +
|-
 +
|man||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=man&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports man] -- display online manual documentation pages
 +
|-
 +
|mandoc||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mandoc&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mandoc] -- format manual pages
 +
|-
 +
|manpath||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=manpath&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html manpath] utility determines the user's manual search path from the  user's PATH, and local configuration files.  This result is echoed to the  standard output.
 +
|-
 +
|mckey||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mckey&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mckey] - RDMA CM multicast setup and simple data transfer test.
 +
|-
 +
|mesg||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mesg&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mesg] -- display (do not display) messages from other users
 +
|-
 +
|minigzip||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=minigzip&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html minigzip] -- minimal implementation of the 'gzip' compression tool
 +
|-
 +
|ministat||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ministat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ministat] command calculates fundamental statistical properties of numeric data in the specified files or, if no file is specified, standard  input.
 +
|-
 +
|mkcsmapper||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mkcsmapper&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mkcsmapper] utility generates binary conversion data from plain text    conversion tables for the [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=iconv&sektion=3&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports iconv(3)] library.
 +
|-
 +
|mkdep||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mkdep&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mkdep] utility takes a set of flags for the C compiler and a list of C  source files as arguments and constructs a set of include file dependencies which are written into the file ``.depend''.
 +
|-
 +
|mkesdb||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mkesdb&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mkesdb] utility generates conversion catalog for the [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=iconv&sektion=3&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports iconv(3)] library.
 +
|-
 +
|mkfifo||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mkfifo&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mkfifo] utility creates the fifos requested, in the order specified.
 +
|-
 +
|mkimg||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mkimg&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mkimg utility] creates a disk image from the raw partition contents  specified with the partition argument(s) and using the partitioning    scheme specified with the scheme argument. The disk image is written to    stdout by default or the file specified with the outfile argument. The  image file is a raw disk image by default, but the format of the image  file can be specified with the format argument.
 +
|-
 +
|mklocale||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mklocale&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mklocale] utility reads a LC_CTYPE source file from standard input and  produces a LC_CTYPE binary file on standard output suitable for placement  in /usr/share/locale/language/LC_CTYPE.
 +
|-
 +
|mkstr||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mkstr&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mkstr] utility creates a file containing error messages extracted from  C source, and restructures the same C source, to utilize the created error message file.
 +
|-
 +
|mktemp||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mktemp&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mktemp] utility takes each of the given file name templates and overwrites a portion of it to create a file name.
 +
|-
 +
|mkuzip||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mkuzip&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mkuzip] utility compresses a disk image file so that the [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=geom_uzip&sektion=4&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports geom_uzip(4)]  class will be able to decompress the resulting image at run-time.
 +
|-
 +
|more||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=more&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html more] - opposite of less
 +
|-
 +
|morse||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=morse&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html morse] command reads the given input and reformats it in the form of morse code.  Acceptable input are command line arguments or the standard  input.
 +
|-
 +
|msgs||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=msgs&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html msgs] utility is used to read system messages. These messages are sent by mailing to the login `msgs' and should be short pieces of information which are suitable to be read once by most users of the system.
 +
|-
 +
|mt||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mt&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html mt] -- magnetic tape manipulating program
 +
|-
 +
|nawk||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nawk&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html awk] scans each input file for lines that match any of a set of patterns    specified literally in prog or in one or more files specified as -f  progfile.
 +
|-
 +
|nc||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nc&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html nc] (or netcat) utility is used for just about anything under the sun  involving TCP, UDP, or UNIX-domain sockets.  It can open TCP connections,  send UDP packets, listen on arbitrary TCP and UDP ports, do port scanning, and deal with both IPv4 and IPv6.
 +
|-
 +
|ncal||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cal&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html cal, ncal] -- displays a calendar and the date of Easter
 +
|-
 +
|netstat||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html netstat] -- show network status and statistics
 +
|-
 +
|newaliases||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newaliases&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html Newaliases]  rebuilds  the  random access data base for the mail aliases    file /etc/mail/aliases. It must be run each time this file is  changed    in order for the change to take effect.
 +
|-
 +
|newgrp||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newgrp&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html newgrp] utility creates a new shell execution environment with modified real and effective group IDs.
 +
|-
 +
|newkey||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newkey&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html newkey] -- create a new key in the publickey database
 +
|-
 +
|nex||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nex&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ex, vi, view] -- text editors
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|nfsstat||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nfsstat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html nfsstat] command displays statistics kept about NFS client and server  activity.
 +
|-
 +
|nice||Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process.  Note that, in the case of [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports csh(1)] builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a    pipeline except the last.
 +
|-
 +
|nl||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nl&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html nl] -- line numbering filter
 +
|-
 +
|nm||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nm&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html nm] -- display symbolic information in object files
 +
|-
 +
|nohup||Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process.  Note that, in the case of [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports csh(1)] builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a    pipeline except the last.
 +
|-
 +
|ntpq||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ntpq&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ntpq] utility program is used to query NTP servers to monitor NTP operations and performance, requesting information about current state    and/or changes in that state.
 +
|-
 +
|number||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=number&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html number] utility prints the English equivalent of the number to the  standard output, with each 10^3 magnitude displayed on a separate line.    If no argument is specified, number reads lines from the standard input.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|nvi||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nvi&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ex, vi, view] -- text editors
 +
|-
 +
|/nview||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nvi&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ex, vi, view] -- text editors
 +
|-
 +
|objcopy||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=objcopy&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html objcopy] -- copy and translate object files
 +
|-
 +
|objdump||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=objdump&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html objdump] - display information from object files.
 +
|-
 +
|od||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=od&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html od] utility is a filter which displays the specified files, or stan dard input if no files are specified, in a user specified format; octal, decimal, hex, ASCII dump
 +
|-
 +
|openssl||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=openssl&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html OpenSSL] is a cryptography toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer  (SSL v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS v1) network protocols and related cryptography standards required by them.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|opieinfo||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=opieinfo&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html opieinfo] takes an optional user name and writes the  current sequence  number  and seed found in the OPIE  key database for either the current user or the user      specified.  opiekey is compatible with the keyinfo(1)      program from Bellcore's S/Key Version 1 except that specification  of a remote system name is not permitted.
 +
|-
 +
|opiekey||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=opiekey&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html opiekey, otp-md4, otp-md5]  - Programs for computing  responses to OTP challenges
 +
|-
 +
|opiepasswd||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=opiepasswd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html opiepasswd ]-  Change or set a user's password for the  OPIE authentication system.
 +
|-
 +
|otp-md4||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=opiekey&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html opiekey, otp-md4, otp-md5]  - Programs for computing  responses to OTP challenges
 +
|-
 +
|otp-md5||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=opiekey&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html opiekey, otp-md4, otp-md5]  - Programs for computing  responses to OTP challenges
 +
|-
 +
|otp-sha1||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=otp-sha1&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html opiekey] takes the optional count of the number of responses to print along with a (maximum) sequence number and seed as command line args.
 +
|-
 +
|pagesize||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pagesize&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html pagesize] utility prints the size of a page of memory in bytes, as returned by [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getpagesize&sektion=3&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports getpagesize(3)]. This program is useful in constructing portable shell scripts.
 +
|-
 +
|passwd||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html passwd, yppasswd] utility changes the user's local, Kerberos, or NIS password. If the user is not the super-user, passwd first prompts for the current  password and will not continue unless the correct password is entered.
 +
|-
 +
|paste||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=paste&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html paste] utility concatenates the corresponding lines of the given input files, replacing all but the last file's newline characters with a single  tab character, and writes the resulting lines to standard output. If  end-of-file is reached on an input file while other input files still contain data, the file is treated as if it were an endless source of  empty lines.
 +
|-
 +
|patch||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=patch&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html patch] will take a patch file containing any of the four forms of difference listing produced by the [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=diff&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports diff(1)] program and apply those differences  to an original file, producing a patched version. If patchfile is omitted, or is a hyphen, the patch will be read from the standard input.
 +
|-
 +
|pathchk||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pathchk&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html pathchk] utility checks whether each of the specified pathname arguments is valid or portable.
 +
|-
 +
|pawd||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pawd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html pawd] utility is used to print the current working directory, adjusted  to reflect proper paths that can be reused to go through the automounter  for the shortest possible path.  In particular, the path printed back  does not include any of [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amd&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports amd(8)'s] local mount points.  Using them is unsafe, because [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amd&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports amd(8)] may unmount managed file systems from the mountpoints, and thus including them in paths may not always find the files  within.
 +
|-
 +
|perror||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=perror&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html perror] -- print an error number as a string
 +
|-
 +
|pftp||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pftp&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ftp] -- Internet file transfer program
 +
|-
 +
|pgrep||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pgrep&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html pgrep] command searches the process table on the running system and  prints the process IDs of all processes that match the criteria given on  the command line.
 +
|-
 +
|pkill||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pgrep&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html pkill] command searches the process table on the running system and  signals all processes that match the criteria given on the command line.
 +
|-
 +
|pmcstudy||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pmcstudy&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html pmcstudy] program is designed to run various tests against your systems performance. There are roughly 20-22 canned tests that setup specific PMCs and then run various formulas on the output information.
 +
|-
 +
|pom||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pom&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html pom] -- display the phase of the moon
 +
|-
 +
|posixshmcontrol||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=posixshmcontrol&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html posixshmcontrol] -- Control POSIX shared memory segments
 +
|-
 +
|pr||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pr&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html pr] utility is a printing and pagination filter for text files. When  multiple input files are specified, each is read, formatted, and written  to standard output.
 +
|-
 +
|primes||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=primes&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html primes] prints the sequence of prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, and so on, one per line.
 +
|-
 +
|printenv||Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process.  Note that, in the case of [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports csh(1)] builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a    pipeline except the last.
 +
|-
 +
|printf||Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process.  Note that, in the case of [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports csh(1)] builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a    pipeline except the last.
 +
|-
 +
|proccontrol||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=proccontrol&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html proccontrol] command modifies the execution parameter of existing process specified by the pid argument, or starts execution of the new  program command with the execution parameter set for it.
 +
|-
 +
|procstat||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procstat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html procstat] utility displays detailed information about the processes identified by the pid arguments, or if the -a flag is used, all processes.  It can also display information extracted from a process core file, if the core file is specified as the argument.
 +
|-
 +
|protect||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=protect&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html protect] command is used to mark processes as protected.  The kernel  does not kill protected processes when swap space is exhausted.  Note  that this protected state is not inherited by child processes by default.
 +
|-
 +
|quota||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=quota&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html quota] utility displays users' disk usage and limits.  By default only  the user quotas are printed.  Disk block usage and limits are shown in  1024-byte blocks.
 +
|-
 +
|random||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=random&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html random] generates a random number between the two values given. The  number can be uniform across the entire range or it can be a gaussian  distribution around the center of the range (or a named center).
 +
|-
 +
|ranlib||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ranlib&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ar, ranlib] -- manage archives
 +
|-
 +
|rctl||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rctl&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rctl] -- display and update resource limits database; When called without options, the rctl command writes currently defined      RCTL rules to standard output.
 +
|-
 +
|read||Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process.  Note that, in the case of [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports csh(1)] builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a    pipeline except the last.
 +
|-
 +
|readelf||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=readelf&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html readelf] -- display information about ELF objects
 +
|-
 +
|readlink||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=readlink&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html stat, readlink] -- display file status
 +
|-
 +
|ree||The  command  [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ree&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ee] is a simple screen oriented text editor.  It is always in text insertion mode unless there is a prompt at the  bottom  of  the terminal,  or  a menu present (in a box in the middle of the terminal).
 +
The command '''ree''' is the same as '''ee''', but restricted to editing the named file (no file operations, or shell escapes are allowed).
 +
|-
 +
|renice||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=renice&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html renice] -- alter priority of running processes
 +
|-
 +
|reset||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=reset&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html tset, reset] -- terminal initialization
 +
|-
 +
|resizewin||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=resizewin&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html resizewin] utility queries the terminal emulator for the current window size and updates the size known to the kernel using the TIOCSWINSZ ioctl.
 +
|-
 +
|rev||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rev&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rev] utility copies the specified files to the standard output, reversing the order of characters in every line.  If no files are specified, the standard input is read.
 +
|-
 +
|revoke||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=revoke&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html revoke] -- revoke a character device
 +
|-
 +
|rfcomm_sppd||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rfcomm_sppd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rfcomm_sppd] utility is a Serial Port Profile daemon.  It can operate      in two modes: client and server.
 +
|-
 +
|rgrep||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rgrep&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rgrep] - a recursive, highlighting grep program
 +
|-
 +
|rot13||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=caesar&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html caesar] utility attempts to decrypt caesar ciphers using English letter frequency statistics. Caesar reads from the standard input and    writes to the standard output.
 +
The optional numerical argument rotation may be used to specify a specific rotation value.  If invoked as [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=caesar&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rot13], a rotation value of 13 will
 +
be used.
 +
|-
 +
|rpcgen||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpcgen&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rpcgen] -- an RPC protocol compiler
 +
|-
 +
|rpcinfo||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpcinfo&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rpcinfo] -- report RPC information
 +
|-
 +
|rping||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rping&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rping] - RDMA CM connection and RDMA ping-pong test.
 +
|-
 +
|rs||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rs&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rs] utility reads the standard input, interpreting each line as a row  of blank-separated entries in an array, transforms the array according to    the options, and writes it on the standard output.
 +
|-
 +
|rup||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rup&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rup] utility displays a summary of the current system status of a particular host or all hosts on the local network.
 +
|-
 +
|ruptime||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ruptime&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ruptime] -- show host status of local machines
 +
|-
 +
|rusers||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rusers&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rusers] -- who is logged in to machines on local network
 +
|-
 +
|rwall||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rwall&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rwall] -- send a message to users logged on a host
 +
|-
 +
|rwho||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rwho&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html rwho] -- who is logged in on local machines
 +
|-
 +
|scp||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=scp&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html scp] -- secure copy (remote file copy program)
 +
|-
 +
|script||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=script&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html script] utility makes a typescript of everything printed on your ter minal.  It is useful for students who need a hardcopy record of an interactive session as proof of an assignment, as the typescript file can be    printed out later with [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lpr&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports lpr(1)].
 +
|-
 +
|sdiff||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sdiff&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html sdiff] displays two files side by side, with any differences between the two highlighted as follows: new lines are marked with `>'; deleted lines    are marked with `<'; and changed lines are marked with `|'.
 +
|-
 +
|sed||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sed&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html sed] utility reads the specified files, or the standard input if no files are specified, modifying the input as specified by a list of commands.  The input is then written to the standard output.
 +
|-
 +
|seq||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=seq&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html seq] -- print sequences of numbers
 +
|-
 +
|sftp||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sftp&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html sftp] -- secure file transfer program
 +
|-
 +
|shar||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=shar&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html shar] -- create a shell archive of files
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|showmount||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=showmount&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html showmount] utility shows status information about the NFS server on  host.  By default it prints the names of all hosts that have NFS file  systems mounted on the host.
 +
|-
 +
|size||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=size&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html size] -- display section sizes and total size of ELF objects
 +
|-
 +
|slc||
 +
|-
 +
|slick-greeter-check-hidpi||
 +
|-
 +
|slick-greeter-set-keyboard-layout||
 +
|-
 +
|slogin||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=slogin&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ssh] (SSH client) is a program for logging into a remote machine and for  executing commands on a remote machine.
 +
|-
 +
|smbutil||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=smbutil&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html smbutil] command is used to control SMB requester and issue various  commands.
 +
|-
 +
|sockstat||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sockstat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html sockstat] -- list open sockets
 +
|-
 +
|soelim||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=soelim&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html soelim] -- interpret .so requests in manpages
 +
|-
 +
|sort||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sort&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html sort] utility sorts text and binary files by lines.
 +
|-
 +
|split||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=split&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html split] -- split a file into pieces
 +
|-
 +
|sscop||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sscop&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html sscop] -- SSCOP transport protocol
 +
|-
 +
|ssh||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ssh] (SSH client) is a program for logging into a remote machine and for    executing commands on a remote machine.
 +
|-
 +
|ssh-add||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-add&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ssh-add] -- adds private key identities to the authentication agent
 +
|-
 +
|ssh-agent||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-agent&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ssh-agent] is a program to hold private keys used for public key authentication (RSA, DSA, ECDSA, Ed25519).
 +
|-
 +
|ssh-copy-id||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-copy-id&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ssh-copy-id] utility copies public keys to a remote host's  ~/.ssh/authorized_keys file (creating the file and directory, if required).
 +
|-
 +
|ssh-keygen||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-keygen&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ssh-keygen] -- authentication key generation, management and conversion
 +
|-
 +
|ssh-keyscan||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ssh-keyscan&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ssh-keyscan] is a utility for gathering the public SSH host keys of a num    ber of hosts.
 +
|-
 +
|stat||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=readlink&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html stat, readlink] -- display file status
 +
|-
 +
|stdbuf||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stdbuf&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html stdbuf] is used to change the initial buffering of standard input, standard output and/or standard error streams for command.
 +
|-
 +
|strfile||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=strfile&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html strfile, unstr] -- create a random access file for storing strings
 +
|-
 +
|string2key||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=string2key&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html string2key] -- map a password into a key
 +
|-
 +
|strings||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=strings&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html strings] -- print the strings of printable characters in files
 +
|-
 +
|strip||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=strip&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html strip] -- discard information from ELF objects
 +
|-
 +
|su||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html su] -- substitute user identity
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|sum||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cksum&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html sum] utility is identical to the cksum utility, except that it de    faults to using historic algorithm 1, as described below. It is provided for compatibility only.
 +
|-
 +
|svnlite||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=svnlite&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html svnlite] - Subversion command line client tool. Documentation  for  Subversion  and its tools, including detailed usage        explanations of the svnlite, svnliteadmin, svnliteserve and svnlitelook programs,  historical  background, philosophical approaches and reason  ings, etc., can be found at http://svnbook.red-bean.com/.
 +
|-
 +
|svnliteadmin||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=svnlite&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html svnlite] - Subversion command line client tool. Documentation  for  Subversion  and its tools, including detailed usage        explanations of the svnlite, svnliteadmin, svnliteserve and svnlitelook programs,  historical  background, philosophical approaches and reason  ings, etc., can be found at http://svnbook.red-bean.com/.
 +
|-
 +
|svnlitebench||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=svnlite&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html svnlite] - Subversion command line client tool. Documentation  for  Subversion  and its tools, including detailed usage        explanations of the svnlite, svnliteadmin, svnliteserve and svnlitelook programs,  historical  background, philosophical approaches and reason  ings, etc., can be found at http://svnbook.red-bean.com/.
 +
|-
 +
|svnlitedumpfilter||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=svnlite&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html svnlite] - Subversion command line client tool. Documentation  for  Subversion  and its tools, including detailed usage        explanations of the svnlite, svnliteadmin, svnliteserve and svnlitelook programs,  historical  background, philosophical approaches and reason  ings, etc., can be found at http://svnbook.red-bean.com/.
 +
|-
 +
|svnlitefsfs||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=svnlite&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html svnlite] - Subversion command line client tool. Documentation  for  Subversion  and its tools, including detailed usage        explanations of the svnlite, svnliteadmin, svnliteserve and svnlitelook programs,  historical  background, philosophical approaches and reason  ings, etc., can be found at http://svnbook.red-bean.com/.
 +
|-
 +
|svnlitelook||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=svnlite&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html svnlite] - Subversion command line client tool. Documentation  for  Subversion  and its tools, including detailed usage        explanations of the svnlite, svnliteadmin, svnliteserve and svnlitelook programs,  historical  background, philosophical approaches and reason  ings, etc., can be found at http://svnbook.red-bean.com/.
 +
|-
 +
|svnlitemucc||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=svnlite&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html svnlite] - Subversion command line client tool. Documentation  for  Subversion  and its tools, including detailed usage        explanations of the svnlite, svnliteadmin, svnliteserve and svnlitelook programs,  historical  background, philosophical approaches and reason  ings, etc., can be found at http://svnbook.red-bean.com/.
 +
|-
 +
|svnliterdump||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=svnlite&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html svnlite] - Subversion command line client tool. Documentation  for  Subversion  and its tools, including detailed usage        explanations of the svnlite, svnliteadmin, svnliteserve and svnlitelook programs,  historical  background, philosophical approaches and reason  ings, etc., can be found at http://svnbook.red-bean.com/.
 +
|-
 +
|svnliteserve||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=svnlite&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html svnlite] - Subversion command line client tool. Documentation  for  Subversion  and its tools, including detailed usage        explanations of the svnlite, svnliteadmin, svnliteserve and svnlitelook programs,  historical  background, philosophical approaches and reason  ings, etc., can be found at http://svnbook.red-bean.com/.
 +
|-
 +
|svnlitesync||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=svnlite&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html svnlite] - Subversion command line client tool. Documentation  for  Subversion  and its tools, including detailed usage        explanations of the svnlite, svnliteadmin, svnliteserve and svnlitelook programs,  historical  background, philosophical approaches and reason  ings, etc., can be found at http://svnbook.red-bean.com/.
 +
|-
 +
|svnliteversion||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=svnlite&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html svnlite] - Subversion command line client tool. Documentation  for  Subversion  and its tools, including detailed usage        explanations of the svnlite, svnliteadmin, svnliteserve and svnlitelook programs,  historical  background, philosophical approaches and reason  ings, etc., can be found at http://svnbook.red-bean.com/.
 +
|-
 +
|systat||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=systat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html systat] -- display system statistics
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|tabs||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tabs&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html tabs] utility displays a series of characters that clear the hardware terminal tab settings then initialises tab stops at specified positions,  and optionally adjusts the margin.
 +
|-
 +
|tail||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tail&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html tail] -- display the last part of a file
 +
|-
 +
|talk||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=talk&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html talk] utility is a visual communication program which copies lines from your terminal to that of another user.
 +
|-
 +
|/tar||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html tar] -- manipulate tape archives
 +
|-
 +
|tcopy||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcopy&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html tcopy] utility is designed to copy magnetic tapes.
 +
|-
 +
|tee||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tee&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html tee] utility copies standard input to standard output, making a copy    in zero or more files.
 +
|-
 +
|telnet||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=telnet&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html telnet] command is used to communicate with another host using the  TELNET protocol.
 +
|-
 +
|tftp||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tftp&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html  tftp] -- trivial file transfer program
 +
|-
 +
|time||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=time&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html  The time] utility executes and times the specified utility. After the    utility finishes, time writes to the standard error stream, (in seconds):    the total time elapsed, the time used to execute the utility process and  the time consumed by system overhead.
 +
|-
 +
|timeout||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=timeout&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html timeout] -- run a command with a time limit
 +
|-
 +
|tip||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tip&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html tip] -- connect to a remote system
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|top||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html top] -- display and update information about the top cpu processes
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|touch||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=touch&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html touch] -- change file access and modification times
 +
|-
 +
|tput||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clear&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html tput, clear] -- terminal capability interface
 +
|-
 +
|tr||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tr&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html tr] utility copies the standard input to the standard output with substitution or deletion of selected characters.
 +
|-
 +
|true||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=true&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html true] -- return true value
 +
|-
 +
|truncate||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=truncate&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html truncate] -- truncate or extend the length of files
 +
|-
 +
|truss||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=truss&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html truss] -- trace system calls
 +
|-
 +
|tset||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=reset&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html tset, reset] -- terminal initialization
 +
|-
 +
|tsort||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tsort&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html tsort] -- topological sort of a directed graph
 +
|-
 +
|tty||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tty&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html tty] -- return user's terminal name
 +
|-
 +
|type||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=type&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html  See the built-in command] description in the appropriate shell manual  page.
 +
|-
 +
|ucmatose||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ucmatose&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ucmatose] - RDMA CM connection and simple ping-pong test.
 +
|-
 +
|udaddy||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=udaddy&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html udaddy] - RDMA CM datagram setup and simple ping-pong test.
 +
|-
 +
|ul||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ul&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ul] -- do underlining
 +
|-
 +
|ulimit||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=type&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html  See the built-in command] description in the appropriate shell manual  page.
 +
|-
 +
|umask||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=type&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html  See the built-in command] description in the appropriate shell manual  page.
 +
|-
 +
|unalias||Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process.  Note that, in the case of [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports csh(1)] builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a    pipeline except the last.
 +
|-
 +
|uname||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uname&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html uname] command writes the name of the operating system implementation to standard output.  When options are specified, strings representing one    or more system characteristics are written to standard output.
 +
|-
 +
|uncompress||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uncompress&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html compress, uncompress] -- compress and expand data
 +
|-
 +
|unexpand||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=expand&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html expand, unexpand] -- expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa
 +
|-
 +
|unifdef||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=unifdef&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html unifdef, unifdefall] -- remove preprocessor conditionals from code
 +
|-
 +
|unifdefall||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=unifdef&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html unifdef, unifdefall] -- remove preprocessor conditionals from code
 +
|-
 +
|uniq||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uniq&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html uniq] -- report or filter out repeated lines in a file
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|units||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=units&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html units] -- conversion program
 +
|-
 +
|unlzma||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lzcat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html xz],  unxz,  xzcat, lzma, unlzma, lzcat - Compress or decompress .xz and  .lzma files
 +
|-
 +
|unstr||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=strfile&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html strfile, unstr] -- create a random access file for storing strings
 +
|-
 +
|unvis||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=unvis&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html unvis] -- revert a visual representation of data back to original form
 +
|-
 +
|unxz||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lzcat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html xz],  unxz,  xzcat, lzma, unlzma, lzcat - Compress or decompress .xz and  .lzma files
 +
|-
 +
|unzip||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=unzip&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html unzip] -- extract files from a ZIP archive
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|unzstd||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=unzstd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html zstd  - zstd,  zstdmt, unzstd, zstdcat] - Compress or decompress .zst  files
 +
|-
 +
|uptime||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uptime&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html uptime] -- show how long system has been running
 +
|-
 +
|usbhidaction||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=usbhidaction&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html usbhidaction] -- perform actions according to USB HID controls
 +
|-
 +
|usbhidctl||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=usbhidctl&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html usbhidctl] -- manipulate USB HID devices
 +
|-
 +
|users||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=users&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html users] -- list current users
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|uudecode||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=b64decode&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html] The uuencode and uudecode utilities are used to transmit binary files      over transmission mediums that do not support other than simple ASCII    data.  The b64encode utility is synonymous with uuencode with the -m flag
 +
specified. The b64decode utility is synonymous with uudecode with the -m    flag specified.
 +
|-
 +
|uuencode||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=b64decode&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html] The uuencode and uudecode utilities are used to transmit binary files      over transmission mediums that do not support other than simple ASCII    data.  The b64encode utility is synonymous with uuencode with the -m flag
 +
specified. The b64decode utility is synonymous with uudecode with the -m    flag specified.
 +
|-
 +
|vacation||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vacation&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html vacation] - E-mail auto-responder
 +
|-
 +
|verify_krb5_conf||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=verify_krb5_conf&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html verify_krb5_conf] reads the configuration file krb5.conf, or the file  given on the command line, parses it, checking verifying that the syntax  is not correctly wrong.
 +
|-
 +
|vi||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ex&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ex, vi, view] -- text editors; vi is a screen-oriented text editor.  '''ex''' is a line-oriented text editor. '''ex'''and '''vi''' are different interfaces to the same program, and it is possible to switch back and forth during an edit session.  '''view '''is the equivalent of using the -R (read-only) option of vi.
 +
|-
 +
|view||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ex&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ex, vi, view] -- text editors; vi is a screen-oriented text editor.  '''ex''' is a line-oriented text editor. '''ex'''and '''vi''' are different interfaces to the same program, and it is possible to switch back and forth during an edit session.  '''view '''is the equivalent of using the -R (read-only) option of vi.
 +
|-
 +
|vis||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vis&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html vis] -- display non-printable characters in a visual format
 +
|-
 +
|vmstat||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vmstat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html vmstat] -- report virtual memory statistics
 +
|-
 +
|vtfontcvt||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vtfontcvt&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html vtfontcvt] -- convert font files for use by the video console
 +
|-
 +
|w||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=w&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html w] -- display who is logged in and what they are doing
 +
|-
 +
|wait||Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process.  Note that, in the case of [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports csh(1)] builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a    pipeline except the last.
 +
|-
 +
|wall||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wall&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html wall] -- write a message to users
 +
|-
 +
|wc||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wc&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html wc] -- word, line, character, and byte count
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|what||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=what&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html what] -- show what versions of object modules were used to construct a  file
 +
|-
 +
|/whatis||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whatis&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html apropos, whatis] -- search manual page databases
 +
|-
 +
|whereis||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whereis&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html whereis] utility checks the standard binary, manual page, and source directories for the specified programs, printing out the paths of any it finds.
 +
|-
 +
|which||Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process.  Note that, in the case of [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports csh(1)] builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a    pipeline except the last.
 +
|-
 +
|who||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=who&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html who] -- display who is on the system
 +
|-
 +
|whoami||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whoami&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html whoami] -- display effective user id
 +
|-
 +
|whois||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=whois&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html whois] -- Internet domain name and network number directory service
 +
|-
 +
|write||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=write&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html write] -- send a message to another user
 +
|-
 +
|x-terminal-emulator||
 +
|-
 +
|xargs||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xargs&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html xargs] -- construct argument list(s) and execute utility
 +
|-
 +
|xo||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xo&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html xo] -- emit formatted output based on format string and arguments
 +
|-
 +
|xstr||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xstr&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html xstr] -- extract strings from C programs to implement shared strings
 +
|-
 +
|xz||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lzcat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html xz],  unxz,  xzcat, lzma, unlzma, lzcat - Compress or decompress .xz and  .lzma files
 +
|-
 +
|xzcat||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lzcat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html xz],  unxz,  xzcat, lzma, unlzma, lzcat - Compress or decompress .xz and  .lzma files
 +
|-
 +
|xzdec||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xzdec&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html xzdec, lzmadec] - Small .xz and .lzma decompressors
 +
|-
 +
|xzdiff||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xzdiff&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html zcmp, zdif] -- compare compressed files
 +
|-
 +
|xzegrep||zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep,      lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep    compressed files [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzegrep&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html]
 +
|-
 +
|xzfgrep||zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep,      lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep    compressed files [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzegrep&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html]
 +
|-
 +
|xzgrep||zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep,      lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep    compressed files [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzegrep&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html]
 +
|-
 +
|xzless||
 +
|-
 +
|yacc||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=yacc&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html Yacc] reads the grammar specification in the file filename and generates        an  [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=LALR&sektion=1&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports LALR(1)]  parser  for it.
 +
|-
 +
|yes||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=yes&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html yes] -- be repetitively affirmative
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|ypcat||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ypcat&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ypcat] -- print the values of all keys in a NIS database
 +
|-
 +
|ypchfn||chpass, chfn, chsh, ypchpass, ypchfn, ypchsh -- add or change user database information [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chfn&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html]
 +
|-
 +
|ypchpass||chpass, chfn, chsh, ypchpass, ypchfn, ypchsh -- add or change user database information [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chfn&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html]
 +
|-
 +
|ypchsh||chpass, chfn, chsh, ypchpass, ypchfn, ypchsh -- add or change user database information [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chfn&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html]
 +
|-
 +
|ypmatch||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ypmatch&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ypmatch] utility prints out the values of one or more keys from the NIS database specified by mapname, which may be a map name or a map nickname.
 +
|-
 +
|yppasswd||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=passwd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html passwd, yppasswd] utility changes the user's local, Kerberos, or NIS password. If the user is not the super-user, passwd first prompts for the current  password and will not continue unless the correct password is entered.
 +
|-
 +
|ypwhich||The [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ypwhich&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ypwhich] utility tells which NIS server supplies NIS services to a  client, or which is the master for a map.
 +
|-
 +
|zcat||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gunzip&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html gzip, gunzip, zcat] -- compression/decompression tool using Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77)
 +
|-
 +
|zcmp||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zcmp&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html zcmp, zdiff] -- compare compressed files
 +
|-
 +
|zdiff||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zcmp&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html zcmp, zdiff] -- compare compressed files
 +
|-
 +
|zegrep||zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep,      lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep    compressed files [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzegrep&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html]
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|zfgrep||zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep,      lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep    compressed files [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzegrep&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html]
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|zforce||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zforce&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html zforce] -- force gzip files to have a .gz suffix
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|zgrep||zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep,      lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep    compressed files [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzegrep&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html]
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|zinject||
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|zless||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zless&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html zmore, zless] -- view compressed files
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|zmore||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zless&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html zmore, zless] -- view compressed files
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|znew||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=znew&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html znew] -- convert compressed files to gzipped files
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|zstd||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=unzstd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html zstd  - zstd,  zstdmt, unzstd, zstdcat] - Compress or decompress .zst  files
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|zstdcat||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=unzstd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html zstd  - zstd,  zstdmt, unzstd, zstdcat] - Compress or decompress .zst  files
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|zstdegrep||zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep,      lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep    compressed files [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzegrep&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html]
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|zstdgrep||zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep,      lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep    compressed files [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzegrep&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html]
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|zstdless||
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|zstdmt||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=unzstd&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html zstd  - zstd,  zstdmt, unzstd, zstdcat] - Compress or decompress .zst  files
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|zstreamdump||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zstreamdump&apropos=0&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html zstreamdump] -- filter data in zfs send stream
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|ztest||[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ztest&apropos=0&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html ztest] - verify the integrity of compressed files
 
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!colspan="2"|'''Back to ''' [[image:Icon Disti GhostBSD.png|50px|link=/usr/]]'''usr Directory '''
 
!colspan="2"|'''Back to ''' [[image:Icon Disti GhostBSD.png|50px|link=/usr/]]'''usr Directory '''
  
 
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[[Category:Sysutils]]

Latest revision as of 11:59, 9 June 2020

Welcome to Icon Disti GhostBSD.png /usr/bin/.
System Administration Utilities
/bin/ Tools and applications /sbin/ System Administration Utilities
/usr/bin/ Tools and applications /usr/sbin/ System tools
/usr/local/bin/ Tools and applications /usr/local/sbin/ System tools
Back to the Icon Disti GhostBSD.pngSystem

Introduction[edit]

Here you will find a lot of small applications, you don't find on your desktop task bar. No starter is there but on your computer. You can use them only on the cli. All commands are connected to the man pages. So you can read how to use them.

Content[edit]

Utility Description
addr2line The addr2line utility translates program addresses specified by the command line arguments hexaddress to their corresponding source file names and line numbers. If no arguments are given to addr2line, it will read these addresses from standard input.
alias a shell built-in command The shell maintains a list of aliases which can be set, unset and printed by the alias and unalias commands. See [1]
apply The apply utility runs the named command on each argument argument in turn.
apropos The apropos and whatis utilities query manual page databases generated by makewhatis(8), evaluating expression for each file in each database. By default, they display the names, section numbers, and description lines of all matching manuals.
ar The ar utility creates and maintains groups of files combined into an ar chive. Once an archive has been created, new files can be added to it, and existing files can be extracted, deleted or replaced.
as AS the portable GNU assembler
asa The asa utility reads files sequentially, mapping FORTRAN carriage-control characters to line-printer control sequences, and writes them to the standard output.
asn1_compile The ASN.1 library contains routines to handle ASN.1 encoding for SNMP. It supports only the restricted form of ASN.1 as required by SNMP.
at The at and batch utilities read commands from standard input or a specified file which are to be executed at a later time, using sh(1).
atq The at and batch utilities read commands from standard input or a specified file which are to be executed at a later time, using sh(1).
atrm The at and batch utilities read commands from standard input or a specified file which are to be executed at a later time, using sh(1).
awk awk scans each input file for lines that match any of a set of patterns specified literally in prog or in one or more files specified as -f progfile. With each pattern there can be an associated action that will be performed when a line of a file matches the pattern.
b64decode [2] The uuencode and uudecode utilities are used to transmit binary files over transmission mediums that do not support other than simple ASCII data. The b64encode utility is synonymous with uuencode with the -m flag

specified. The b64decode utility is synonymous with uudecode with the -m flag specified.

b64encode [3] The uuencode and uudecode utilities are used to transmit binary files over transmission mediums that do not support other than simple ASCII data. The b64encode utility is synonymous with uuencode with the -m flag specified. The b64decode utility is synonymous with uudecode with the -m flag specified.
banner Banner prints a large, high quality banner on the standard output. If the message is omitted, it prompts for and reads one line of its standard input.
basename basename, dirname return filename or directory portion of pathname
batch The at and batch utilities read commands from standard input or a specified file which are to be executed at a later time, using sh(1).
bc bc is an interactive processor for a language which resembles C but pro vides unlimited precision arithmetic. It takes input from any expressions on the command line and any files given, then reads the standard input.
bg Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process. Note that, in the case of csh(1) builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a pipeline except the last.
biff The biff utility informs the system whether you want to be notified on your terminal when mail arrives.
brandelf The brandelf utility marks an ELF binary to be run under a certain ABI for FreeBSD.
bsdcat bsdcat typically takes a filename as an argument or reads standard input when used in a pipe. In both cases decompressed data it written to standard output.
bsdcpio cpio copies files between archives and directories. This implementation can extract from tar, pax, cpio, zip, jar, ar, and ISO 9660 cdrom images and can create tar, pax, cpio, ar, and shar archives.
bsdiff The bsdiff utility compares oldfile to newfile and writes to patchfile a binary patch suitable for use by bspatch(1). When ldfile and newfile are two versions of an executable program, the patches produced are on average a factor of five smaller than those produced by any other binary patch tool known to the author.
bsdtar tar creates and manipulates streaming archive files. This implementation can extract from tar, pax, cpio, zip, jar, ar, xar, rpm, 7-zip, and ISO 9660 cdrom images and can create tar, pax, cpio, ar, zip, 7-zip, and shar archives.
bsnmpget bsnmpget, bsnmpwalk and bsnmpset are simple tools for retrieving management information from and setting management information to a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent.
bsnmpset bsnmpget, bsnmpwalk and bsnmpset are simple tools for retrieving management information from and setting management information to a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent.
bsnmpwalk bsnmpget, bsnmpwalk and bsnmpset are simple tools for retrieving management information from and setting management information to a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent.
bspatch The bspatch utility generates newfile from oldfile and patchfile where patchfile is a binary patch built by bsdiff(1).
bthost The bthost utility looks for information about Bluetooth hosts and Protocol Service Multiplexor (PSM) values. It gets this information from the /etc/bluetooth/hosts and /etc/bluetooth/protocols files.
btsockstat The btsockstat utility symbolically displays the contents of various Bluetooth sockets related data structures. There are few output formats, depending on the options for the information presented. The btsockstat utility will print results to the standard output and error messages to the standard error.
bunzip2 bzip2 compresses files using the Burrows-Wheeler block sorting text compression algorithm, and Huffman coding. Compression is generally considerably better than that achieved by more conventional LZ77/LZ78-based compressors, and approaches the performance of the PPM family of statistical compressors.
byacc Yacc reads the grammar specification in the file filename and generates an LALR(1) parser for it. The parsers consist of a set of LALR(1) parsing tables and a driver routine written in the C programming language. Yacc normally writes the parse tables and the driver routine to the file y.tab.c.
bzcat bzcat - decompresses files to stdout
bzegrep zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep, lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep compressed files [4]
bzfgrep zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep, lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep compressed files [5]
bzgrep zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep, lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep compressed files [6]
bzip2 bzip2 compresses files using the Burrows-Wheeler block sorting text compression algorithm, and Huffman coding. Compression is generally considerably better than that achieved by more conventional LZ77/LZ78-based compressors, and approaches the performance of the PPM family of statistical compressors.
bzip2recover bzip2 compresses files using the Burrows-Wheeler block sorting text compression algorithm, and Huffman coding. Compression is generally considerably better than that achieved by more conventional LZ77/LZ78-based compressors, and approaches the performance of the PPM family of statistical compressors.
bzless bzmore, bzless file perusal filter for crt viewing of bzip2 compressed text
c89 c89 -- POSIX.2 C language compiler
c99 c99 -- standard C language compiler
caesar The caesar utility attempts to decrypt caesar ciphers using English letter frequency statistics. Caesar reads from the standard input and writes to the standard output.

The optional numerical argument rotation may be used to specify a specific rotation value. If invoked as rot13, a rotation value of 13 will be used.

cal cal, ncal -- displays a calendar and the date of Easter
calenda Unknown command calenda
cap_mkdb The cap_mkdb utility builds a hashed database out of the getcap(3) logical database constructed by the concatenation of the specified files.
CC clang is a C, C++, and Objective-C compiler which encompasses preprocessing, parsing, optimization, code generation, assembly, and linking.
cd Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process. Note that, in the case of csh(1) builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a pipeline except the last.
chat The chat program defines a conversational exchange between the computer and the modem. Its primary purpose is to establish the connection between the Point-to-Point Protocol Daemon (pppd) and the remote's pppd process.
chfn chpass, chfn, chsh, ypchpass, ypchfn, ypchsh -- add or change user database information [7]
chgrp The chgrp utility sets the group ID of the file named by each file oper and to the group ID specified by the group operand.
chkey The chkey utility prompts the user for their login password, and uses it to encrypt a new encryption key for the user to be stored in the publickey(5) database.
chpass chpass, chfn, chsh, ypchpass, ypchfn, ypchsh -- add or change user database information [8]
chsh chpass, chfn, chsh, ypchpass, ypchfn, ypchsh -- add or change user database information [9]
cksum The cksum utility writes to the standard output three whitespace sepa rated fields for each input file. These fields are a checksum CRC, the

total number of octets in the file and the file name. If no file name is specified, the standard input is used and no file name is written.

clear tput, clear -- terminal capability interface
cmp The cmp utility compares two files of any type and writes the results to the standard output. By default, cmp is silent if the files are the same; if they differ, the byte and line number at which the first difference occurred is reported.
col The col utility filters out reverse (and half reverse) line feeds so that the output is in the correct order with only forward and half forward line feeds, and replaces white-space characters with tabs where possible. This can be useful in processing the output of nroff(1) and tbl(1).
colldef The colldef utility converts a collation sequence source definition into a format usable by the strxfrm() and strcoll() functions. It is used to define the many ways in which strings can be ordered and collated
colrm The colrm utility removes selected columns from the lines of a file. A column is defined as a single character in a line. Input is read from the standard input. Output is written to the standard output.
column The column utility formats its input into multiple columns. Rows are filled before columns. Input is taken from file operands, or, by default, from the standard input. Empty lines are ignored.
comm The comm utility reads file1 and file2, which should be sorted lexically, and produces three text columns as output: lines only in file1; lines only in file2; and lines in both files.
command Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process. Note that, in the case of csh(1) builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a pipeline except the last.
compile_et Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process. Note that, in the case of csh(1) builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a pipeline except the last.
compress compress, uncompress -- compress and expand data
cpio cpio copies files between archives and directories. This implementation can extract from tar, pax, cpio, zip, jar, ar, and ISO 9660 cdrom images and can create tar, pax, cpio, ar, and shar archives.
cpp clang is a C, C++, and Objective-C compiler which encompasses preprocessing, parsing, optimization, code generation, assembly, and linking. Depending on which high-level mode setting is passed, Clang will stop before doing a full link. While Clang is highly integrated, it is important to understand the stages of compilation, to understand how to invoke it.
cpuset The cpuset command can be used to assign processor sets to processes, run commands constrained to a given set or list of processors and memory domains, and query information about processor binding, memory binding and policy, sets, and available processors and memory domains in the system.
crontab The crontab utility is the program used to install, deinstall or list the tables used to drive the cron(8) daemon in Vixie Cron. Each user can have their own crontab, and though these are files in /var, they are not intended to be edited directly.
crunchgen A crunched binary is a program made up of many other programs linked together into a single executable. The crunched binary main() function determines which component program to run by the contents of argv[0]. The main reason to crunch programs together is for fitting as many programs as possible onto an installation or system recovery floppy.
crunchide The crunchide utility hides the global symbols of object-file such that they are ignored by subsequent runs of the linker, ld(1). Some symbols may be left visible via the -k keep-symbol and -f keep-list-file options. The keep-list-file must contain a list of symbols to keep visible, one symbol per line. The names given by keep-symbol or in keep-list-file should be C names. For example, to keep the C function "foo" visible, the option "-k foo" should be used.
crypt The enigma utility, also known as crypt is a very simple encryption program, working on a "secret-key" basis. It operates as a filter, i.e., it encrypts or decrypts a stream of data from standard input, and writes the result to standard output. Since its operation is fully symmetrical, feeding the encrypted data stream again through the engine (using the same secret key) will decrypt it.
csplit The csplit utility splits file into pieces using the patterns args.
ctags The ctags utility makes a tags file for ex(1) from the specified C, Pascal, Fortran, yacc(1), lex(1) and Lisp sources. A tags file gives the locations of specified objects in a group of files.
ctfconvert The ctfconvert utility converts debug information from a binary file to CTF data and replaces the debug section of that file with a CTF section called SUNW_ctf. This new section is added to the input file, unless the -o ption is present. You can also opt to keep the original debugging section with the -g option
ctfdump The ctfdump utility dumps the contents of the CTF data section (SUNW_ctf) present in an ELF binary file. This section was previously created with ctfconvert(1) or ctfmerge(1).
ctfmerge [10] The ctfmerge utility merges several CTF data sections from several files into one output file, unifying common data.
ctlstat The ctlstat utility provides statistics information for the CAM Target Layer. The first display (except for dump and JSON modes) shows average statistics since system startup. Subsequent displays show average statistics during the measurement interval.
cu The cu utility establishes a full-duplex connection to another machine, giving the appearance of being logged in directly on the remote CPU. It goes without saying that you must have a login on the machine (or equivalent) to which you wish to connect.
cut The cut utility cuts out selected portions of each line (as specified by list) from each file and writes them to the standard output. If no file arguments are specified, or a file argument is a single dash (`-'), cut reads from the standard input. The items specified by list can be in terms of column position or in terms of fields delimited by a special character. Column and field numbering start from 1.
dc dc -- desk calculator
dialog Dialog is a program that will let you to present a variety of questions or display messages using dialog boxes from a shell script.
diff The diff utility compares the contents of file1 and file2 and writes to the standard output the list of changes necessary to convert one file into the other.
diff3 Compare three files line by line.
dirname basename, dirname return filename or directory portion of pathname
dpv dpv provides a dialog progress view, allowing a user to see current throughput rate and total data transferred for one or more streams.
drill drill is a tool to designed to get all sorts of information out of the DNS. It is specificly designed to be used with DNSSEC.
dtc The dtc utility converts between flattened device tree (FDT) representations. It is most commonly used to generate device tree blobs (DTB), the binary representation of an FDT, from device tree sources (DTS), the ASCII text source representation.
du The du utility displays the file system block usage for each file argument and for each directory in the file hierarchy rooted in each directory argument. If no file is specified, the block usage of the hierarchy rooted in the current directory is displayed.
edit The command ee is a simple screen oriented text editor. It is always in text insertion mode unless there is a prompt at the bottom of the terminal, or a menu present (in a box in the middle of the terminal). The command ree is the same as ee, but restricted to editing the named file (no file operations, or shell escapes are allowed).
ee The command ee is a simple screen oriented text editor. It is always in text insertion mode unless there is a prompt at the bottom of the terminal, or a menu present (in a box in the middle of the terminal). The command ree is the same as ee, but restricted to editing the named file (no file operations, or shell escapes are allowed).
egrep grep, egrep, fgrep, zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep - print lines matching a pattern
elf2aout The elf2aout utility is used to convert an ELF formatted binary, namely a kernel, to an a.out formatted one. Most OpenBoot firmware require an a.out format or FCode boot image and this utility is designed to accommodate. If infile is not in ELF format, an error message will be presented.
elfdump elfdump -- display information about ELF files
enigma The enigma utility, also known as crypt is a very simple encryption program, working on a "secret-key" basis. It operates as a filter, i.e., it encrypts or decrypts a stream of data from standard input, and writes the result to standard output. Since its operation is fully symmetrical, feeding the encrypted data stream again through the engine (using the same secret key) will decrypt it.
env The env utility executes another utility after modifying the environment as specified on the command line. Each name=value option specifies the setting of an environment variable, name, with a value of value. All such environment variables are set before the utility is executed.
etdump etdump -- Dump El Torito boot catalog information from ISO images
ex ex, vi, view -- text editors; vi is a screen-oriented text editor. ex is a line-oriented text editor. exand vi are different interfaces to the same program, and it is possible to switch back and forth during an edit session. view is the equivalent of using the -R (read-only) option of vi.
expand expand, unexpand -- expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa
factor Factor prints number and its prime factors, each repeated the proper number of times.
false Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process. Note that, in the case of csh(1) builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a pipeline except the last.
fc Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process. Note that, in the case of csh(1) builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a pipeline except the last.
fetch The fetch utility provides a command-line interface to the fetch(3) library. Its purpose is to retrieve the file(s) pointed to by the URL(s) on the command line.
fg Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process. Note that, in the case of csh(1) builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a pipeline except the last.
fgrep grep, egrep, fgrep, zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep - print lines matching a pattern
file file tests each argument in an attempt to classify it. There are three sets of tests, performed in this order: filesystem tests, magic tests, and language tests. The first test that succeeds causes the file type to be printed.
file2c The file2c utility reads a file from stdin and writes it to stdout, converting each byte to its decimal or hexadecimal representation on the fly. The byte values are separated by a comma. This also means that the last byte value is not followed by a comma. By default the byte values are printed in decimal, but when the -x option is given, the values will be printed in hexadecimal. When -s option is given, each line is printed with a leading tab and each comma is followed by a space except for the last one on the line.
find The find utility recursively descends the directory tree for each path listed, evaluating an expression (composed of the "primaries" and "operands" listed below) in terms of each file in the tree.
finger The finger utility displays information about the system users.
flex This manual describes flex, a tool for generating programs that perform pattern-matching on text.
flex++
fmt fmt -- simple text formatter
fold The fold utility is a filter which folds the contents of the specified files, or the standard input if no files are specified, breaking the lines to have a maximum of 80 columns.
fortune Fortune prints a one-line aphorism chosen at random. If a file is specified, the saying is taken from that file; otherwise it is selected from /usr/local/plan9/lib/fortunes.
from The from utility prints out the mail header lines from the invoker's mailbox.
fstat The fstat utility identifies open files. A file is considered open by a process if it was explicitly opened, is the working directory, root directory, jail root directory, active executable text, or kernel trace file for that process. If no options are specified, fstat reports on all open files in the system.
fsync The fsync utility causes all the modified data and meta-data of all the files named on the command line to be written to a permanent storage device.
ftp ftp -- Internet file transfer program
fuser fuser -- list IDs of all processes that have one or more files open
gate-ftp ftp -- Internet file transfer program
gcore gcore -- get core images of running process
gencat gencat -- NLS catalog compiler
getaddrinfo getaddrinfo -- resolve names to socket addresses
getconf getconf -- retrieve standard configuration variables
getent getent -- get entries from administrative database
getopt getopt -- parse command options
getopts Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process. Note that, in the case of csh(1) builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a pipeline except the last.
gnugrep
gprof The gprof utility produces an execution profile of C, Pascal, or Fortran77 programs.
grdc grdc runs a digital clock made of reverse-video blanks on a curses compatible VDU screen.
grep grep, egrep, fgrep, zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep - print lines matching a pattern
groups The groups utility has been obsoleted by the id(1) utility, and is equivalent to "id -Gn [user]". The command "id -p" is suggested for normal interactive use
gunzip gzip, gunzip, zcat -- compression/decompression tool using Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77)
gzcat gzip, gunzip, zcat -- compression/decompression tool using Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77)
gzexe gzexe -- create auto-decompressing executables
gzip gzip, gunzip, zcat -- compression/decompression tool using Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77)
hash shell built-in commands
hd The hexdump utility is a filter which displays the specified files, or the standard input, if no files are specified, in a user specified format.
head head -- display first lines of a file
hexdump The hexdump utility is a filter which displays the specified files, or the standard input, if no files are specified, in a user specified format.
host host is a simple utility for performing DNS lookups. It is normally used to convert names to IP addresses and vice versa.
hxtool
ibstat ibstat is a binary which displays basic information obtained from the local IB driver. Output includes LID, SMLID, port state, link width active, and port physical state.
ibv_asyncwatch ibv_asyncwatch - display asynchronous events
ibv_devices ibv_devices - list RDMA devices
ibv_devinfo Print information about RDMA devices available for use from userspace.
ibv_rc_pingpong Run a simple ping-pong test over InfiniBand via the reliable connected (RC) transport.
ibv_srq_pingpong ibv_srq_pingpong run a simple ping-pong test over InfiniBand via the reliable connected (RC) transport, using multiple queue pairs (QPs) and a single shared receive queue (SRQ).
ibv_uc_pingpong ibv_uc_pingpong - simple InfiniBand UC transport test
ibv_ud_pingpong ibv_ud_pingpong - simple InfiniBand UD transport test
iconv iconv -- codeset conversion utility
id id -- return user identity
ident ident -- identify RCS keyword string in files
indent indent -- indent and format C program source
install install -- install binaries
ipcrm ipcrm -- remove the specified message queues, semaphore sets, and shared segments
ipcs ipcs -- report System V interprocess communication facilities status
iscsictl iscsictl -- iSCSI initiator management utility
jobs Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process. Note that, in the case of csh(1) builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a pipeline except the last.
join join -- relational database operator
jot jot -- print sequential or random data
kadmin kadmin - Kerberos V5 database administration program
kcc
kdestroy kdestroy -- remove one credential or destroy the current ticket file
kdump kdump -- display kernel trace data
/usr/bin/keylogin The keylogin utility prompts the user for their login password, and uses it to decrypt the user's secret key stored in the publickey(5) database. Once decrypted, the user's key is stored by the local key server process keyserv(8) to be used by any secure network services, such as NFS.
keylogout The keylogout utility deletes the key stored by the key server process keyserv(8) to be used by any secure network services, such as NFS. Further access to the key is revoked, however current session keys may remain valid till they expire, or are refreshed. This option will cause any background jobs that need secure RPC services to fail, and any scheduled at jobs that need the key to fail. Also since only one copy is kept on a machine of the key, it is a bad idea to place this in your .logout file since it will affect other sessions on the same machine.
kf kf -- securely forward tickets
kgetcred kgetcred obtains a ticket for a service. Usually tickets for services are obtained automatically when needed but sometimes for some odd reason you want to obtain a particular ticket or of a special type.
killall The killall utility kills processes selected by name, as opposed to the selection by PID as done by kill(1).
kinit kinit -- acquire initial tickets
klist klist -- list Kerberos credentials
kpasswd kpasswd -- Kerberos 5 password changing program
krb5-config krb5-config -- give information on how to link code against Heimdal libraries
ksu ksu - Kerberized super-user
kswitch kswitch -- switch between default credential caches
ktrace ktrace -- enable kernel process tracing
ktrdump ktrdump -- print kernel ktr trace buffer
lam The lam utility copies the named files side by side onto the standard output. The n-th input lines from the input files are onsidered fragments of the single long n-th output line into which they are assembled. The name `-' means the standard input, and may be repeated.
last The last utility will either list the sessions of specified users, ttys, and hosts, in reverse time order, or list the users logged in at a specified date and time.
lastcomm lastcomm -- show last commands executed
leave leave -- remind you when you have to leave
less Less is a program similar to more (1), but which allows backward move ment in the file as well as forward movement. Also, less does not have to read the entire input file before starting, so with large input files it starts up faster than text editors like vi (1).
lessecho lessecho is a program that simply echos its arguments on standard output. But any metacharacter in the output is preceded by an "escape" character, which by default is a backslash.
lesskey lesskey - specify key bindings for less
lesspipe.sh
lex flex, lex - fast lexical analyzer generator
lex++
limits The limits utility either prints or sets kernel resource limits, and may optionally set environment variables like env(1) and run a program with the selected resources.
locale locale -- get locale-specific information
localedef The localedef utility converts source definitions for locale categories into a format usable by the functions and utilities whose operational behavior is determined by the setting of the locale environment variables; see environ(7).
locate The locate program searches a database for all pathnames which match the specified pattern.
lock The lock utility requests a password from the user, reads it again for verification and then will normally not relinquish the terminal until the password is repeated. There are two other conditions under which it will terminate: it will timeout after some interval of time and it may be killed by someone with the appropriate permission.
lockf lockf -- execute a command while holding a file lock
logger logger -- make entries in the system log
login Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process. Note that, in the case of csh(1) builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a pipeline except the last.
logins logins -- display account information
logname logname -- display user's login name
look look -- display lines beginning with a given string
lorder The lorder utility uses nm(1) to determine interdependencies in the list of object files and library archives specified on the command line. The lorder utility outputs a list of file names where the first file contains a symbol which is defined by the second file.
lp The lp utility is a front-end to the print spooler as required by the IEEE Std 1003.2 ("POSIX.2") specification. It effectively invokes lpr(1) with the proper set of arguments.
lpq lpq -- spool queue examination program
lpr lpr(1)-- off line print
lprm The lprm utility will remove a job, or jobs, from a printer's spool queue.
lsvfs lsvfs -- list installed virtual file systems
lzcat xz, unxz, xzcat, lzma, unlzma, lzcat - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files
lzdec
lzegrep zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep, lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep compressed files [11]
lzfgrep zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep, lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep compressed files [12]
lzgrep zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep, lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep compressed files [13]
lzless
lzma xz, unxz, xzcat, lzma, unlzma, lzcat - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files
lzmainfo lzmainfo - show information stored in the .lzma file header
m4 The m4 utility is a macro processor that can be used as a front end to any language (e.g., C, ratfor, fortran, lex, and yacc). If no input

files are given, m4 reads from the standard input, otherwise files specified on the command line are processed in the given order. Input files can be regular files, files in the m4 include paths, or a single dash (`-'), denoting standard input. m4 writes the processed text to the standard output, unless told otherwise.

mail mail, Mail, mailx-- send and receive mail
Mail mail, Mail, mailx-- send and receive mail
mailq Mailq prints a summary of the mail messages queued for future delivery.
mailx mail, Mail, mailx-- send and receive mail
make make is a program designed to simplify the maintenance of other programs. Its input is a list of specifications as to the files upon which programs and other files depend. If no -f makefile makefile option is given, make will try to open `makefile' then `Makefile' in order to find the specifications.
make-roken
makewhatis The makewhatis utility extracts keywords from UNIX manuals and indexes them in a database for fast retrieval by apropos(1), whatis(1), and man(1)'s -k option.
man man -- display online manual documentation pages
mandoc mandoc -- format manual pages
manpath The manpath utility determines the user's manual search path from the user's PATH, and local configuration files. This result is echoed to the standard output.
mckey mckey - RDMA CM multicast setup and simple data transfer test.
mesg mesg -- display (do not display) messages from other users
minigzip minigzip -- minimal implementation of the 'gzip' compression tool
ministat The ministat command calculates fundamental statistical properties of numeric data in the specified files or, if no file is specified, standard input.
mkcsmapper The mkcsmapper utility generates binary conversion data from plain text conversion tables for the iconv(3) library.
mkdep The mkdep utility takes a set of flags for the C compiler and a list of C source files as arguments and constructs a set of include file dependencies which are written into the file ``.depend.
mkesdb The mkesdb utility generates conversion catalog for the iconv(3) library.
mkfifo The mkfifo utility creates the fifos requested, in the order specified.
mkimg The mkimg utility creates a disk image from the raw partition contents specified with the partition argument(s) and using the partitioning scheme specified with the scheme argument. The disk image is written to stdout by default or the file specified with the outfile argument. The image file is a raw disk image by default, but the format of the image file can be specified with the format argument.
mklocale The mklocale utility reads a LC_CTYPE source file from standard input and produces a LC_CTYPE binary file on standard output suitable for placement in /usr/share/locale/language/LC_CTYPE.
mkstr The mkstr utility creates a file containing error messages extracted from C source, and restructures the same C source, to utilize the created error message file.
mktemp The mktemp utility takes each of the given file name templates and overwrites a portion of it to create a file name.
mkuzip The mkuzip utility compresses a disk image file so that the geom_uzip(4) class will be able to decompress the resulting image at run-time.
more more - opposite of less
morse The morse command reads the given input and reformats it in the form of morse code. Acceptable input are command line arguments or the standard input.
msgs The msgs utility is used to read system messages. These messages are sent by mailing to the login `msgs' and should be short pieces of information which are suitable to be read once by most users of the system.
mt mt -- magnetic tape manipulating program
nawk awk scans each input file for lines that match any of a set of patterns specified literally in prog or in one or more files specified as -f progfile.
nc The nc (or netcat) utility is used for just about anything under the sun involving TCP, UDP, or UNIX-domain sockets. It can open TCP connections, send UDP packets, listen on arbitrary TCP and UDP ports, do port scanning, and deal with both IPv4 and IPv6.
ncal cal, ncal -- displays a calendar and the date of Easter
netstat netstat -- show network status and statistics
newaliases Newaliases rebuilds the random access data base for the mail aliases file /etc/mail/aliases. It must be run each time this file is changed in order for the change to take effect.
newgrp The newgrp utility creates a new shell execution environment with modified real and effective group IDs.
newkey newkey -- create a new key in the publickey database
nex ex, vi, view -- text editors
nfsstat The nfsstat command displays statistics kept about NFS client and server activity.
nice Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process. Note that, in the case of csh(1) builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a pipeline except the last.
nl nl -- line numbering filter
nm nm -- display symbolic information in object files
nohup Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process. Note that, in the case of csh(1) builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a pipeline except the last.
ntpq The ntpq utility program is used to query NTP servers to monitor NTP operations and performance, requesting information about current state and/or changes in that state.
number The number utility prints the English equivalent of the number to the standard output, with each 10^3 magnitude displayed on a separate line. If no argument is specified, number reads lines from the standard input.
nvi ex, vi, view -- text editors
/nview ex, vi, view -- text editors
objcopy objcopy -- copy and translate object files
objdump objdump - display information from object files.
od The od utility is a filter which displays the specified files, or stan dard input if no files are specified, in a user specified format; octal, decimal, hex, ASCII dump
openssl OpenSSL is a cryptography toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS v1) network protocols and related cryptography standards required by them.
opieinfo opieinfo takes an optional user name and writes the current sequence number and seed found in the OPIE key database for either the current user or the user specified. opiekey is compatible with the keyinfo(1) program from Bellcore's S/Key Version 1 except that specification of a remote system name is not permitted.
opiekey opiekey, otp-md4, otp-md5 - Programs for computing responses to OTP challenges
opiepasswd opiepasswd - Change or set a user's password for the OPIE authentication system.
otp-md4 opiekey, otp-md4, otp-md5 - Programs for computing responses to OTP challenges
otp-md5 opiekey, otp-md4, otp-md5 - Programs for computing responses to OTP challenges
otp-sha1 opiekey takes the optional count of the number of responses to print along with a (maximum) sequence number and seed as command line args.
pagesize The pagesize utility prints the size of a page of memory in bytes, as returned by getpagesize(3). This program is useful in constructing portable shell scripts.
passwd The passwd, yppasswd utility changes the user's local, Kerberos, or NIS password. If the user is not the super-user, passwd first prompts for the current password and will not continue unless the correct password is entered.
paste The paste utility concatenates the corresponding lines of the given input files, replacing all but the last file's newline characters with a single tab character, and writes the resulting lines to standard output. If end-of-file is reached on an input file while other input files still contain data, the file is treated as if it were an endless source of empty lines.
patch patch will take a patch file containing any of the four forms of difference listing produced by the diff(1) program and apply those differences to an original file, producing a patched version. If patchfile is omitted, or is a hyphen, the patch will be read from the standard input.
pathchk The pathchk utility checks whether each of the specified pathname arguments is valid or portable.
pawd The pawd utility is used to print the current working directory, adjusted to reflect proper paths that can be reused to go through the automounter for the shortest possible path. In particular, the path printed back does not include any of amd(8)'s local mount points. Using them is unsafe, because amd(8) may unmount managed file systems from the mountpoints, and thus including them in paths may not always find the files within.
perror perror -- print an error number as a string
pftp ftp -- Internet file transfer program
pgrep The pgrep command searches the process table on the running system and prints the process IDs of all processes that match the criteria given on the command line.
pkill The pkill command searches the process table on the running system and signals all processes that match the criteria given on the command line.
pmcstudy The pmcstudy program is designed to run various tests against your systems performance. There are roughly 20-22 canned tests that setup specific PMCs and then run various formulas on the output information.
pom pom -- display the phase of the moon
posixshmcontrol posixshmcontrol -- Control POSIX shared memory segments
pr The pr utility is a printing and pagination filter for text files. When multiple input files are specified, each is read, formatted, and written to standard output.
primes primes prints the sequence of prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, and so on, one per line.
printenv Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process. Note that, in the case of csh(1) builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a pipeline except the last.
printf Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process. Note that, in the case of csh(1) builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a pipeline except the last.
proccontrol The proccontrol command modifies the execution parameter of existing process specified by the pid argument, or starts execution of the new program command with the execution parameter set for it.
procstat procstat utility displays detailed information about the processes identified by the pid arguments, or if the -a flag is used, all processes. It can also display information extracted from a process core file, if the core file is specified as the argument.
protect The protect command is used to mark processes as protected. The kernel does not kill protected processes when swap space is exhausted. Note that this protected state is not inherited by child processes by default.
quota The quota utility displays users' disk usage and limits. By default only the user quotas are printed. Disk block usage and limits are shown in 1024-byte blocks.
random random generates a random number between the two values given. The number can be uniform across the entire range or it can be a gaussian distribution around the center of the range (or a named center).
ranlib ar, ranlib -- manage archives
rctl rctl -- display and update resource limits database; When called without options, the rctl command writes currently defined RCTL rules to standard output.
read Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process. Note that, in the case of csh(1) builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a pipeline except the last.
readelf readelf -- display information about ELF objects
readlink stat, readlink -- display file status
ree The command ee is a simple screen oriented text editor. It is always in text insertion mode unless there is a prompt at the bottom of the terminal, or a menu present (in a box in the middle of the terminal).

The command ree is the same as ee, but restricted to editing the named file (no file operations, or shell escapes are allowed).

renice renice -- alter priority of running processes
reset tset, reset -- terminal initialization
resizewin The resizewin utility queries the terminal emulator for the current window size and updates the size known to the kernel using the TIOCSWINSZ ioctl.
rev The rev utility copies the specified files to the standard output, reversing the order of characters in every line. If no files are specified, the standard input is read.
revoke revoke -- revoke a character device
rfcomm_sppd The rfcomm_sppd utility is a Serial Port Profile daemon. It can operate in two modes: client and server.
rgrep rgrep - a recursive, highlighting grep program
rot13 The caesar utility attempts to decrypt caesar ciphers using English letter frequency statistics. Caesar reads from the standard input and writes to the standard output.

The optional numerical argument rotation may be used to specify a specific rotation value. If invoked as rot13, a rotation value of 13 will be used.

rpcgen rpcgen -- an RPC protocol compiler
rpcinfo rpcinfo -- report RPC information
rping rping - RDMA CM connection and RDMA ping-pong test.
rs The rs utility reads the standard input, interpreting each line as a row of blank-separated entries in an array, transforms the array according to the options, and writes it on the standard output.
rup The rup utility displays a summary of the current system status of a particular host or all hosts on the local network.
ruptime ruptime -- show host status of local machines
rusers rusers -- who is logged in to machines on local network
rwall rwall -- send a message to users logged on a host
rwho rwho -- who is logged in on local machines
scp scp -- secure copy (remote file copy program)
script The script utility makes a typescript of everything printed on your ter minal. It is useful for students who need a hardcopy record of an interactive session as proof of an assignment, as the typescript file can be printed out later with lpr(1).
sdiff '.
sed The sed utility reads the specified files, or the standard input if no files are specified, modifying the input as specified by a list of commands. The input is then written to the standard output.
seq seq -- print sequences of numbers
sftp sftp -- secure file transfer program
shar shar -- create a shell archive of files
showmount The showmount utility shows status information about the NFS server on host. By default it prints the names of all hosts that have NFS file systems mounted on the host.
size size -- display section sizes and total size of ELF objects
slc
slick-greeter-check-hidpi
slick-greeter-set-keyboard-layout
slogin ssh (SSH client) is a program for logging into a remote machine and for executing commands on a remote machine.
smbutil The smbutil command is used to control SMB requester and issue various commands.
sockstat sockstat -- list open sockets
soelim soelim -- interpret .so requests in manpages
sort The sort utility sorts text and binary files by lines.
split split -- split a file into pieces
sscop sscop -- SSCOP transport protocol
ssh ssh (SSH client) is a program for logging into a remote machine and for executing commands on a remote machine.
ssh-add ssh-add -- adds private key identities to the authentication agent
ssh-agent ssh-agent is a program to hold private keys used for public key authentication (RSA, DSA, ECDSA, Ed25519).
ssh-copy-id The ssh-copy-id utility copies public keys to a remote host's ~/.ssh/authorized_keys file (creating the file and directory, if required).
ssh-keygen ssh-keygen -- authentication key generation, management and conversion
ssh-keyscan ssh-keyscan is a utility for gathering the public SSH host keys of a num ber of hosts.
stat stat, readlink -- display file status
stdbuf stdbuf is used to change the initial buffering of standard input, standard output and/or standard error streams for command.
strfile strfile, unstr -- create a random access file for storing strings
string2key string2key -- map a password into a key
strings strings -- print the strings of printable characters in files
strip strip -- discard information from ELF objects
su su -- substitute user identity
sum The sum utility is identical to the cksum utility, except that it de faults to using historic algorithm 1, as described below. It is provided for compatibility only.
svnlite svnlite - Subversion command line client tool. Documentation for Subversion and its tools, including detailed usage explanations of the svnlite, svnliteadmin, svnliteserve and svnlitelook programs, historical background, philosophical approaches and reason ings, etc., can be found at http://svnbook.red-bean.com/.
svnliteadmin svnlite - Subversion command line client tool. Documentation for Subversion and its tools, including detailed usage explanations of the svnlite, svnliteadmin, svnliteserve and svnlitelook programs, historical background, philosophical approaches and reason ings, etc., can be found at http://svnbook.red-bean.com/.
svnlitebench svnlite - Subversion command line client tool. Documentation for Subversion and its tools, including detailed usage explanations of the svnlite, svnliteadmin, svnliteserve and svnlitelook programs, historical background, philosophical approaches and reason ings, etc., can be found at http://svnbook.red-bean.com/.
svnlitedumpfilter svnlite - Subversion command line client tool. Documentation for Subversion and its tools, including detailed usage explanations of the svnlite, svnliteadmin, svnliteserve and svnlitelook programs, historical background, philosophical approaches and reason ings, etc., can be found at http://svnbook.red-bean.com/.
svnlitefsfs svnlite - Subversion command line client tool. Documentation for Subversion and its tools, including detailed usage explanations of the svnlite, svnliteadmin, svnliteserve and svnlitelook programs, historical background, philosophical approaches and reason ings, etc., can be found at http://svnbook.red-bean.com/.
svnlitelook svnlite - Subversion command line client tool. Documentation for Subversion and its tools, including detailed usage explanations of the svnlite, svnliteadmin, svnliteserve and svnlitelook programs, historical background, philosophical approaches and reason ings, etc., can be found at http://svnbook.red-bean.com/.
svnlitemucc svnlite - Subversion command line client tool. Documentation for Subversion and its tools, including detailed usage explanations of the svnlite, svnliteadmin, svnliteserve and svnlitelook programs, historical background, philosophical approaches and reason ings, etc., can be found at http://svnbook.red-bean.com/.
svnliterdump svnlite - Subversion command line client tool. Documentation for Subversion and its tools, including detailed usage explanations of the svnlite, svnliteadmin, svnliteserve and svnlitelook programs, historical background, philosophical approaches and reason ings, etc., can be found at http://svnbook.red-bean.com/.
svnliteserve svnlite - Subversion command line client tool. Documentation for Subversion and its tools, including detailed usage explanations of the svnlite, svnliteadmin, svnliteserve and svnlitelook programs, historical background, philosophical approaches and reason ings, etc., can be found at http://svnbook.red-bean.com/.
svnlitesync svnlite - Subversion command line client tool. Documentation for Subversion and its tools, including detailed usage explanations of the svnlite, svnliteadmin, svnliteserve and svnlitelook programs, historical background, philosophical approaches and reason ings, etc., can be found at http://svnbook.red-bean.com/.
svnliteversion svnlite - Subversion command line client tool. Documentation for Subversion and its tools, including detailed usage explanations of the svnlite, svnliteadmin, svnliteserve and svnlitelook programs, historical background, philosophical approaches and reason ings, etc., can be found at http://svnbook.red-bean.com/.
systat systat -- display system statistics
tabs The tabs utility displays a series of characters that clear the hardware terminal tab settings then initialises tab stops at specified positions, and optionally adjusts the margin.
tail tail -- display the last part of a file
talk The talk utility is a visual communication program which copies lines from your terminal to that of another user.
/tar tar -- manipulate tape archives
tcopy The tcopy utility is designed to copy magnetic tapes.
tee The tee utility copies standard input to standard output, making a copy in zero or more files.
telnet The telnet command is used to communicate with another host using the TELNET protocol.
tftp tftp -- trivial file transfer program
time The time utility executes and times the specified utility. After the utility finishes, time writes to the standard error stream, (in seconds): the total time elapsed, the time used to execute the utility process and the time consumed by system overhead.
timeout timeout -- run a command with a time limit
tip tip -- connect to a remote system
top top -- display and update information about the top cpu processes
touch touch -- change file access and modification times
tput tput, clear -- terminal capability interface
tr The tr utility copies the standard input to the standard output with substitution or deletion of selected characters.
true true -- return true value
truncate truncate -- truncate or extend the length of files
truss truss -- trace system calls
tset tset, reset -- terminal initialization
tsort tsort -- topological sort of a directed graph
tty tty -- return user's terminal name
type See the built-in command description in the appropriate shell manual page.
ucmatose ucmatose - RDMA CM connection and simple ping-pong test.
udaddy udaddy - RDMA CM datagram setup and simple ping-pong test.
ul ul -- do underlining
ulimit See the built-in command description in the appropriate shell manual page.
umask See the built-in command description in the appropriate shell manual page.
unalias Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process. Note that, in the case of csh(1) builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a pipeline except the last.
uname The uname command writes the name of the operating system implementation to standard output. When options are specified, strings representing one or more system characteristics are written to standard output.
uncompress compress, uncompress -- compress and expand data
unexpand expand, unexpand -- expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa
unifdef unifdef, unifdefall -- remove preprocessor conditionals from code
unifdefall unifdef, unifdefall -- remove preprocessor conditionals from code
uniq uniq -- report or filter out repeated lines in a file
units units -- conversion program
unlzma xz, unxz, xzcat, lzma, unlzma, lzcat - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files
unstr strfile, unstr -- create a random access file for storing strings
unvis unvis -- revert a visual representation of data back to original form
unxz xz, unxz, xzcat, lzma, unlzma, lzcat - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files
unzip unzip -- extract files from a ZIP archive
unzstd zstd - zstd, zstdmt, unzstd, zstdcat - Compress or decompress .zst files
uptime uptime -- show how long system has been running
usbhidaction usbhidaction -- perform actions according to USB HID controls
usbhidctl usbhidctl -- manipulate USB HID devices
users users -- list current users
uudecode [14] The uuencode and uudecode utilities are used to transmit binary files over transmission mediums that do not support other than simple ASCII data. The b64encode utility is synonymous with uuencode with the -m flag

specified. The b64decode utility is synonymous with uudecode with the -m flag specified.

uuencode [15] The uuencode and uudecode utilities are used to transmit binary files over transmission mediums that do not support other than simple ASCII data. The b64encode utility is synonymous with uuencode with the -m flag

specified. The b64decode utility is synonymous with uudecode with the -m flag specified.

vacation vacation - E-mail auto-responder
verify_krb5_conf verify_krb5_conf reads the configuration file krb5.conf, or the file given on the command line, parses it, checking verifying that the syntax is not correctly wrong.
vi ex, vi, view -- text editors; vi is a screen-oriented text editor. ex is a line-oriented text editor. exand vi are different interfaces to the same program, and it is possible to switch back and forth during an edit session. view is the equivalent of using the -R (read-only) option of vi.
view ex, vi, view -- text editors; vi is a screen-oriented text editor. ex is a line-oriented text editor. exand vi are different interfaces to the same program, and it is possible to switch back and forth during an edit session. view is the equivalent of using the -R (read-only) option of vi.
vis vis -- display non-printable characters in a visual format
vmstat vmstat -- report virtual memory statistics
vtfontcvt vtfontcvt -- convert font files for use by the video console
w w -- display who is logged in and what they are doing
wait Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process. Note that, in the case of csh(1) builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a pipeline except the last.
wall wall -- write a message to users
wc wc -- word, line, character, and byte count
what what -- show what versions of object modules were used to construct a file
/whatis apropos, whatis -- search manual page databases
whereis The whereis utility checks the standard binary, manual page, and source directories for the specified programs, printing out the paths of any it finds.
which Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process. Note that, in the case of csh(1) builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a pipeline except the last.
who who -- display who is on the system
whoami whoami -- display effective user id
whois whois -- Internet domain name and network number directory service
write write -- send a message to another user
x-terminal-emulator
xargs xargs -- construct argument list(s) and execute utility
xo xo -- emit formatted output based on format string and arguments
xstr xstr -- extract strings from C programs to implement shared strings
xz xz, unxz, xzcat, lzma, unlzma, lzcat - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files
xzcat xz, unxz, xzcat, lzma, unlzma, lzcat - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files
xzdec xzdec, lzmadec - Small .xz and .lzma decompressors
xzdiff zcmp, zdif -- compare compressed files
xzegrep zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep, lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep compressed files [16]
xzfgrep zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep, lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep compressed files [17]
xzgrep zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep, lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep compressed files [18]
xzless
yacc Yacc reads the grammar specification in the file filename and generates an LALR(1) parser for it.
yes yes -- be repetitively affirmative
ypcat ypcat -- print the values of all keys in a NIS database
ypchfn chpass, chfn, chsh, ypchpass, ypchfn, ypchsh -- add or change user database information [19]
ypchpass chpass, chfn, chsh, ypchpass, ypchfn, ypchsh -- add or change user database information [20]
ypchsh chpass, chfn, chsh, ypchpass, ypchfn, ypchsh -- add or change user database information [21]
ypmatch The ypmatch utility prints out the values of one or more keys from the NIS database specified by mapname, which may be a map name or a map nickname.
yppasswd The passwd, yppasswd utility changes the user's local, Kerberos, or NIS password. If the user is not the super-user, passwd first prompts for the current password and will not continue unless the correct password is entered.
ypwhich The ypwhich utility tells which NIS server supplies NIS services to a client, or which is the master for a map.
zcat gzip, gunzip, zcat -- compression/decompression tool using Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77)
zcmp zcmp, zdiff -- compare compressed files
zdiff zcmp, zdiff -- compare compressed files
zegrep zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep, lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep compressed files [22]
zfgrep zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep, lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep compressed files [23]
zforce zforce -- force gzip files to have a .gz suffix
zgrep zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep, lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep compressed files [24]
zinject
zless zmore, zless -- view compressed files
zmore zmore, zless -- view compressed files
znew znew -- convert compressed files to gzipped files
zstd zstd - zstd, zstdmt, unzstd, zstdcat - Compress or decompress .zst files
zstdcat zstd - zstd, zstdmt, unzstd, zstdcat - Compress or decompress .zst files
zstdegrep zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep, lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep compressed files [25]
zstdgrep zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, lzgrep, lzegrep, lzfgrep, xzgrep, xzegrep, xzfgrep, zstdgrep, zstdegrep, zstdfgrep -- grep compressed files [26]
zstdless
zstdmt zstd - zstd, zstdmt, unzstd, zstdcat - Compress or decompress .zst files
zstreamdump zstreamdump -- filter data in zfs send stream
ztest ztest - verify the integrity of compressed files
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