Editing Pkg

{{:Navbar Application Management}}

== Introduction ==

'''pkgng''' is the next generation replacement for the traditional FreeBSD package management tools, offering many features that make dealing with binary packages faster and easier. [[File:Icon FreeBSD.png|50px|link=https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/pkgng-intro.html]]

For beginners with GhostBSD it is a bit confusing which package manager is now working on my computer.

For now pkgng is a synonym for pkg. It emphasize, that the package manager '''pkgng'''   is a new  version from '''pkg''' and is designed to work with versions of FreeBSD starting with 10.X. [https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/pkgng-intro.html see also 4.4.1. Getting Started with pkg on the FreeBSD Handbook]. The differences between pkg and pkgng are described on page [[pkg#More Differences between pkg and pkgng|pkg]]

    '''Important:''' Once the package database has been converted to the new pkg format, <br/>the traditional pkg_* tools should no longer be used. <br/>And from this time on is '''pkg''' the name of the new generation package manager.

The new generation package manager [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg&sektion=8&manpath=freebsd-release-ports '''pkg(8)'''] is a powerful tool to manipulate pre-compiled copies of all the commands for an application, as well as any configuration files and documentation. 

While the two technologies ports and packages are similar, each have their own strengths. Select the technology that meets your requirements for installing a particular application.
Package Benefits

* A compressed package tarball is typically smaller than the compressed tarball containing the source code for the application.

* Packages do not require compilation time. For large applications, such as Mozilla, KDE, or GNOME, this can be important on a slow system.

* Packages do not require any understanding of the process involved in compiling software on FreeBSD.

Sorce: [[File:Icon FreeBSD.png|50px|link=https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/ports-overview.html]]'''Handbook: 4.2. Overview of Software Installation'''

==Overview About PKG Commands==

{|class="wikitable" style="width:95%;background:#FFFFFF; border:2px solid #008000;text-align:left;padding: 10px" 
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 50px;"|'''Command'''
! scope="col" style="width: 550px;"|'''Explanation'''
|-
|help ''command''
|Display usage information of the specified	command.
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-add&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports add]     
|Install a package from either a local source or a remote one.<br/>When installing from remote source	you need to specify the	proto-<br/> col to use	when fetching the package.<br/>
Currently supported protocols are FTP, HTTP and HTTPS.<br/>
annotate:  Add, modify or delete tag-value style annotations on packages.
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-alias&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports alias]
|display configured aliases
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-annotate&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports annotate]
|Add, modify or delete arbitrary annotations from packages
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-audit&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports audit]   
|Audit installed packages against known vulnerabilities.
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-autoremove&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports autoremove]
|Delete packages which were automatically installed as dependen-<br/>cies and are not required any more.
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-backup&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports backup]  
|Dump the local package database to a file specified on the command-line.
|-
|bootstrap
|This is for compatibility with the pkg(7) bootstrapper. If pkg is already installed, nothing is done. If invoked	with the -f flag an attempt will be made to reinstall pkg from remote repository.
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-check&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports check]   
|Sanity checks installed packages.
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-clean&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports clean]   
|Clean the local cache of fetched remote packages.
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-config&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports config]
|retrieve the	value of a given configuration option
|-
|convert	     
|Convert to	and from the old pkg_add(1) format.
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-create&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports create]  
|Create a package, a utility for creating software package distributions.
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-delete&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports delete]  
|Delete a package from the database	and the	system.
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-fetch&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports fetch]   
|Fetch packages from a remote repository.
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-info&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports info]    
|Display information about installed packages.
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-install&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports install]	     
|Install a package from a remote package repository.  If a package is	found in more than one remote repository, then installation happens from the first one.  Downloading a package is tried from each package repository in	turn, until the	package	is successfully fetched.
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-lock&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports lock]    
|Prevent modification or deletion of a package, lock or unlock packages.
|-
|plugins	     
|List the available	plugins.
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-query&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports query]   
|Query information about installed packages.
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-register&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports register]     
|Register a	package	in the database.
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-repo&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports repo]    
|Create a local package repository for remote usage.
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-rquery&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports rquery]  
|Query information for remote repositories.
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-search&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports search]  
|Search for	the given pattern in the remote	package	repositories.
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-set&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports set]     
|Modify information	in the installed database.
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-shell&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports shell]   
|Open a SQLite shell to the	local or remote	database.  Extreme
	     care should be taken when using this command.
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-shlib&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports shlib]   
|Displays which packages link to a specific	shared library.
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-stats&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports stats]   
|Display package database statistics.
|-
|unlock  
|Unlocks packages, allowing	them to	be modified or deleted.
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-update&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports update]  
|Update the available remote repositories as listed <br/>in /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/GhostBSD.conf
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-updating&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports updating]     
|Display UPDATING entries of installed packages.
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-upgrade&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports upgrade]	     
|Upgrade a package to a newer version.
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-version&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports version]     
|Summarize installed versions of packages.
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-which&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports which]   
|Query the database	for package(s) that installed a	specific file.
|-
!colspan="2"|'''See also'''
|-
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_printf&sektion=3&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports pkg_printf]
|family of functions produces output of package data according to	a format
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_repos&sektion=3&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports pkg_repos()]
|Takes the address of a	pointer	to the repository
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-repository&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports package repository]
|format and operation	of package repositories	used by	pkg(8)
|-
|[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg.conf&sektion=5&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports pkg.conf]
|system-wide configuration file	for pkg, default location of this file is /usr/local/etc/pkg.conf
|}

== Function and Examples ==

A package can be manipulated with the [https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg&sektion=8&manpath=freebsd-release-ports pkg(8)] commands, such as ''pkg install''.

pkg only works with binary packages. By default, pkg uses the binary packages from the GhostBSD/TrueOS package mirrors.

"GhostBSD now use TrueOS packages base from ports." See: [https://ghostbsd.org/19.09_release_announcement What changed since 19.04].

Each pkg command argument is documented in a command-specific manual page. To read the manual page for pkg install, for example, run either of these commands:

<code>[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg&sektion=8&manpath=freebsd-release-ports#COMMANDS # pkg help] install</code>

or

<code>[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-install&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports # man pkg-install]</code>

===Installing Packages===

To install a binary package use the following command, where packagename is the name of the package to install:

<code>[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-install&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports # pkg install] packagename</code>

This command uses repository data to determine which version of the software to install and if it has any uninstalled dependencies.

=== Removing Packages===

Packages that are no longer needed can be removed with pkg delete. For example:


<code>[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-delete&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports # pkg delete] packagename</code>

===Upgrading Installed Packages===

Update the local catalogues of the enabled package repositories

<code>[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-update&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports # pkg update]</code>

Installed packages can be upgraded to their latest versions by running:

<code>[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-upgrade&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports # pkg upgrade]</code>

This command will compare the installed versions with those available in the repository catalogue and upgrade them from the repository.

===Not Updating A Package===

If you have got an application via the ports system and don't like to change it during ''pkg upgrade'' process, do

<code>[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-lock&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports #pkg lock] packagename</code>

===To Get Info About An Installed Package===

If you like to know if a package is installed and which version, you have to write:
 
<code>[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-info&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports pkg info] packagename</code>

===Auditing Installed Packages===

Software vulnerabilities are regularly discovered in third-party applications. To address this, pkg includes a built-in auditing mechanism. To determine if there are any known vulnerabilities for the software installed on the system, run:

<code>[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-audit&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports # pkg audit -F]</code>

{|class="wikitable" style="width:95%;background:#FFFFFF; border:2px solid #008000;text-align:left;padding: 10px" 
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;"|
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;"|
! scope="col" style="width: 500px;"|
|-
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>F, 
|<nowiki>--</nowiki>fetch	    
|Fetch the database before checking.
|-
|}

===Automatically Removing Unused Packages===

Removing a package may leave behind dependencies which are no longer required. Unneeded packages that were installed as dependencies (leaf packages) can be automatically detected and removed using:

<code>[https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg-autoremove&sektion=8&apropos=0&manpath=FreeBSD+12.1-RELEASE+and+Ports # pkg autoremove]</code>

===Repositories===

The pkg mirrors are located in:  
* in France: <code>http://pkg.fr.ghostbsd.org/stable/FreeBSD:12:amd64/</code>
* in Canada: <code>http://pkg.ghostbsd.org/stable/FreeBSD:12:amd64/</code>
* in US:   <code>http://pkg.us.ghostbsd.org/stable/FreeBSD:12:amd64/</code>

For upgrading your system chose the nearest mirror to your location.

To change the mirror go to the file <code>/usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/GhostBSD.conf</code> and change the URL.

== For more Information ==

Sources: 

* [https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/pkgng-intro.html FreeBSD Handbook/chapter 4.4. Using pkg for Binary Package Management]
* [https://www.vultr.com/docs/how-to-use-the-pkg-package-manager-on-freebsd-12 VULTR]





[[Category:Application Management]]