Difference between revisions of "FAQ/es"

Revision as of 14:13, 19 July 2018

Este documento apunta a cubrir las preguntas hechas frecuentemente acerca del sistema operativo GhostBSD. Aunque originalmente estaba destinada a reducir el ancho de banda y evitar las mismas preguntas hechas anteriormente una y otra vez. Las FAQ se han reconocido como valiosos recursos de información.

Se ha hecho todo lo posible para que estas FAQ sean lo mas informativas posibles, si tienes alguna sugerencias de como podria ser mejorada, favor sientete libre de contactarnos.

Introducción

¿Qué es GhostBSD?

Briefly, GhostBSD is a UNIX®-like operating system. It works on AMD64 and Intel® platforms. GhostBSD is based on FreeBSD, which is based on U.C. Berkeley’s “4.4BSD-Lite” release, with some “4.4BSD-Lite2” enhancements. It is also based indirectly on William Jolitz’s port of U.C. Berkeley’s “Net/2” to the i386, known as “386BSD”, though very little of the 386BSD code remains. GhostBSD provides a GNOME, Mate, Xfce, LXDE and Openbox desktop.

¿Quién puede usar GhostBSD?

GhostBSD puede ser usado por compañías, investigadores, profesionales de informática, estudiantes y usuarios domesticos alrededor de todo el mundo en su trabajo, estudios y para recreación

¿Cuál es el objetivo del Proyecto GhostBSD?

El objetivo del Proyecto GhostBSD es combinar la facilidad de uso de un Entorno de Escritorio GTK con la seguridad y flexibilidad del mecanismo de FreeBSD. GhostBSD es una gran herramienta para aprender FreeBSD y empezar la aventura en el mundo de BSD. GhostBSD puede ser usado para cualquier propósito y sin ataduras

¿Tiene alguna restricción la licencia de GhostBSD?

Sí. Estras restricciones no controlan como usted use el código, simplemente como usted trate el Proyecto GhostBSD. Si a usted le preocupa seriamente el tema de la licencia, lea licencia actual. Por curiosidad, la licencia puede resumirse de la siguiente manera:

• No puedes reclamar que tú escribiste esto.
• No demandarnos si se rompe ó se arruina.

¿puede GhostBSD reemplazar mi sistema operativo actual?

Para la mayoria de usuarios, sí.

La mayoria de gente realmente no utiliza un sistema operativo. Ocupan aplicaciones que hace a una computadora realmente funcional. GhostBSD esta diseñado para proveer un Entorno de Escritorio, y un entorno completamente funcional para aplicaciones. Soporta una gran variedad de navegadores web, aplicaciones ofimáticas, lectores de correo, programas para gráficos, entornos de programación, servidor de red, y todo lo que tu quieres que sea. La mayoría de estas aplicaciones pueden ser construidas usando los Ports de FreeBSD.

Si tú necesitas ocupar una aplicacion que solamente esta disponible en un sistema operativo, no puede reemplazar fácilmente ese sistema operativo (esta situación se conoce como dependencia de un proveedor). Sin embargo hay probabilidades de que exista una aplicacion similiar en GhostBSD. Si tú quieres oficina solida ó un servidor de internet, una estación de trabajo confiable, o simplemente poder hacer tu trabajo sin interrupciones, GhostBSD seguramente hará casi todo lo que tu necesites.

Si está migrando a GhostBSD desde otro entorno tipo Unix-like, sabe la mayoria de lo que debería de saber. Si está acostumbrado a sistemas operativos que se manejan graficamente como Microsoft Windows, o versiones antiguas de MacOS, ten en cuenta que invertiras tiempo en aprender la manera de como se hacen las cosas en Unix.

¿Por que se llama GhostBSD?

GhostBSD fue desarrollado como un sistema operativo para hackear en Gnome usando tecnología BSD. Despues de un tiempo se convirtió en lo que se conoce como "Gnome alojado por BSD", eso significa que Gnome está alojado en sistema FreeBSD. Ahora que soportamos multiples escritorios GTK, es mejor llamarlo "GTK alojado por BSD".

¿Cuál es la última versión de GhostBSD?

En este momento, estamos en la versión 10.3 con codigo nombre "Enoch".

Las versiones usualmente son hechas cada pocos meses.

Version 11.0 is next to come, following the release cycle of FreeBSD.

Many GhostBSD users stay up to date using other mechanisms available to FreeBSD users. You can read about them in the Chapter Updating and Upgrading FreeBSD in the FreeBSD Handbook.

When are GhostBSD releases made?

The developers team releases a new version more or less every 8 months. GhostBSD follows the release dates of FreeBSD. A testing period precedes each release in order to ensure that the addition of new features does not compromise the stability of the release.

How can I contribute?

There is a number of ways to contribute to the GhostBSD project:

• If you possess abilities in programming and knowledge of the FreeBSD operating system, or you simply want to learn these things, you might want to consider joining the team by becoming an active developer. If you are feeling adventurous, you might want to try building GhostBSD, but you might as well join our development mailing list to get in touch with the team and see what work currently has to be done.
• If you are interested in helping from the artistic perspective, you could contribute fan art, logos, wallpapers, or help design/maintain the website layout. In this case, the website mailing list is something to look on for additional information.
• If you have decent writing skills and know English quite well, you might want to help by writing documents and producing website and wiki content. Get in touch with us on the website mailing list.
• If none of the above apply to you, you might just want to use GhostBSD and tell us about bugs you've discovered and the ideas you have about how to improve the system You can report them via forums. You might also consider simply spreading the word about GhostBSD!

If you feel like you might be able to help us grow and improve GhostBSD in any of the above ways (or any other way you can come up with), please contact us using the forums, an IRC channel (#ghostbsd on irc.freenode.net) or any of the mailing lists above.

Support

What’s the best way to get support?

At this point, the best ways to contact other GhostBSD users or developers are:

• The IRC channels are #ghostbsd and #ghostbsd-dev on irc://irc.freenode.net.

  You can access the IRC channel via our web user interface.

• The forums are available at http://forums.ghostbsd.org/.

FAQ and User Handbook are under development. Questions can be answered on the forums and IRC will find their way to this page or the handbook.

Where can I find complete information on how to get things done in GhostBSD?

For the most part, things can be done on GhostBSD the same way they are done on FreeBSD. This is why we encourage our users to check out the great FreeBSD Handbook in case of any doubts or questions. If the handbook does not cover a specific area of your interest, or it seems GhostBSD differs from FreeBSD in some regard, the forums or IRC channel will probably hold the answers you seek.

Installation

Where can I get GhostBSD?

Every release image of GhsotBSD is available via SourceForge site:

• The latest releases images can be found on the Download page.
• Our Torrent file are available from GotBSD or from the project page (currently not up to date).
• You can also buy GhostBSD DVDs and USB flash drives from OSDisc.com.

How do I create a bootable USB pendrive?

Up to version 4.0 separate USB images (with the .img extension) existed that were suitable for USB flash drives. Since version 10.1, GhostBSD releases so-called hybrid ISOs which can either be burned on a DVD or written on a flash drive. Select your preferred desktop and the right architecture and download the ISO. After downloading compare the checksum (optional) and write the content of the iso on a flash drive using one of the methods described below. Since the image itself can be slightly above 2 GB in size, we suggest you use at least a 4 GB pendrive.

On Linux

Here's an example using the console (use the filename of your ISO and make sure you replace the "sdX" with the right device's name!). The following command needs root privileges (issue as user root or using sudo):

dd if=GhostBSD10.3-RELEASE-20160829-213046-mate-amd64.iso of=/dev/sdX bs=1M

On BSD

Here's an example using the console (use the filename of your ISO and make sure you replace the "daX" with the right device's name!). The following command needs root privileges (issue as user root or using sudo):

dd if=GhostBSD10.3-RELEASE-20160829-213046-mate-amd64.iso of=/dev/daX bs=1m

On Windows

This solution comes from the Ubuntu help site, but it applies to GhostBSD as well. You can use one of two tools to create a bootable pendrive on Windows.

Graphical tool on Windows

1. Download the desired ISO file
2. Download the Disk Imager from http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/
3. Insert your flash media
4. Note the drive letter assigned to your flash media
5. Start Disk Imager
6. Select the downloaded file and target device, and click "Write"
7. Remove your flash media when the operation is complete

Command prompt tool on Windows

1. Download the desired ISO file
2. Download flashnul from http://shounen.ru/soft/flashnul
3. Attach your USB drive
4. Run flashnul -p
5. Note the physical device number for the USB drive
6. Run flashnul <number obtained in prior step> -L \path\to\downloaded.iso
7. Answer "yes" if the selected destination device is correct
8. Remove your USB drive when the command finished

Conclusion

After completing the above steps, the pendrive should hold a bootable GhostBSD system. Just reboot your machine and make sure you boot from the USB - it should then start a live session.

Where are the instructions for installing GhostBSD?

Installation instructions for versions beginning with GhostBSD 3.1 can be found in the handbook entry on Installing GhostBSD.

Software Installation

How do I install new software?

In GhostBSD software can be installed in three different ways:

• OctoPkg is a GTK+ based tool to manage (search, install and uninstall) binary packages on BSD systems.
• FreeBSD's package manager PKG can be used to manage packages using the command line. (In versions before 10.x, the old pkg_* tools were used which worked slightly differenty.)
• FreeBSD Ports is one of the most useful and unique features of FreeBSD compared to most Linux distributions. If installed, it can be found under /usr/ports and contains the Makefiles (think "recipes" if you are new to this concept) used to automatically build (fetch source code, configure, compile, install) a vast amount of software. A menu-driven system allows you to tweak compile options which makes this an easy to use but extremely flexible method of installing software.

Can I use Linux software on my GhostBSD system?

First, you should know that most "Linux" software is really open source software. That is, it is freely available for many operating systems, not just Linux. Most software that runs on Linux should also run on GhostBSD.

Like FreeBSD, GhostBSD uses something called Linux Binary Compatibility. In a nutshell, that means you can run many Linux applications as-is. This section of the FreeBSD Handbook explains this compatibility in more detail and describes when it does not work.

However, you do not have to setup Linux Binary Compatibility on your GhostBSD system as it is already configured for you and should "just work".

Does GhostBSD Support Adobe Flash plugin?

Yes, but a native Adobe® Flash® plugin is not available for GhostBSD. However, a software wrapper for running the Linux® version of the plugin is available. This wrapper also provides support for other browser plugins such as RealPlayer®.

Look Installing Adobe Flash Plugin

System and software updates

How should I update GhostBSD to latest FreeBSD updates?

GhostBSD supports freebsd-update command line to update the FreeBSD base system.

freebsd-update fetch install

Network

Why my WiFi don't work?

Look if wlan0 is configured.

cat /etc/rc.conf | grep wlan0

If you have an output similar to:

wlans_run0="wlan0"
ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"

Your WiFi is configured, but it might be down.

sudo ifconfig wlan0 up

Now it should work.

If you have no output, this mean the GhostBSD network configuration system have not detected your WiFi card. The next step for you will be to look if GhostBSD have your WiFi drivers install.

sudo ifconfig | grep -B 3 802.11

In this case run0 is the WiFi drivers.

run0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 2290
       ether 00:1e:e5:e6:5d:1
       nd6 options=29<PERFORMNUD,IFDISABLED,AUTO_LINKLOCAL>
       media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet autoselect mode 11a

If you have an output similar from the example above, you need to configure the file /etc/rc.conf.

sudo ee /etc/rc.conf

Add those line in the file /etc/rc.conf (Replace run0 by your drivers).

wlans_run0="wlan0"
ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"

Esc and save the file. Now you need to restart netif.

sudo /etc/rc.d/netif restart

Your wifi is now configured, you might have to turn wlan0 up.

sudo ifconfig wlan0 up

If you have no output with sudo ifconfig | grep -B 3 802.11, this can mean your WiFi kernel Module is not compile in GhostBSD or your WiFi card is not yet supported by FreeBSD. Please fill out a problem report form this will help us to make GhostBSD better.

Why the WiFi Network Manager don't work?

You might look at #Why my WiFi don't work? (from above). If you have your WiFi Configured and the WiFi Network Manager still not working.

sudo ifconfig wlan0 scan

You should have something similar to this:

SSID/MESH ID    BSSID              CHAN RATE   S:N     INT CAPS
rogerwifi       bc:14:01:e6:33:48    1   54M -23:-42  100 EP   WPS HTCAP WPA RSN WME
-               bc:14:01:e6:33:49    1   54M -20:-38  100 EP   HTCAP RSN WME
WLAN_6EF1       00:13:f7:c4:6e:f3   11   54M -12:-21  200 ES  
BSDHacker       5c:d9:98:69:df:2e   11   54M -15:-27  100 EP   HTCAP WPA WME WPS

If not sudo ifconfig wlan0 up scan should do it. Now you can setup to your network. From above you have none encrypted and encrypted WiFi network.

For a none encrypted WiFi network add the following to the file /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf.

network={
        ssid="WLAN_6EF1"
        bssid=00:13:f7:c4:6e:f3
        key_mgmt=NONE
}

For an encrypted WiFi network add the following to the file /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf.

network={
        ssid="BSDHacking"
        bssid=5c:d9:98:69:df:2e
        key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
        proto=WPA
        psk="yourpasword"
}

For more completed documentation see Wireless Networking.

If sudo ifconfig wlan0 up scan still not scanning, please fill out a problem report form this will help us to make GhostBSD better.

Hardware

Does GhostBSD support the 3D acceleration of my graphics card?

It depends on the hardware of your graphics card, to have support by GhostBSD (or not).^[1]

ATI/Radeon

3D acceleration will not work on ATI or Radeon cards until FreeBSD completes its TTM^[2] work (possibly in time for FreeBSD 10.0)^[3]. You can still use these cards, but you will have to choose the 2D driver, and if that does not work, you will need to resort to using the Vesa driver.

Intel

GhostBSD supports 3D acceleration on most Intel graphics cards. Due to the current KMS support^[1], you will not be able to switch between the graphical console and a virtual console (using Crtl+Alt+F#) when using the "sc" console driver.

Switching between graphics and text consoles will work when using the "vt" console driver, and GhostBSD right now default to "vt" console.

Nvidia Graphics

Yes! But nvidia-driver must be loaded.^[2] The software can be installed easily, for example by using the (bxPKG/pkg) Package Manager or using ports as described on this page Nvidia driver installation.

References

1. ↑ FreeBSD Handbook: Xorg Configuration#Caveats
2. ↑ FreeBSD Wiki: Graphics#Kernel drivers
3. ↑ FreeBSD Wiki: Ports/X11/Roadmap