Difference between revisions of "FAQ/de"

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Dieses FAQ beantwortet die meisten Fragen über das GhostBSD-Betriebssystem.Obwohl versucht wird, sich auf das Wesentliche zu fokussieren, bleiben auch die Antworten auf bestimmte Standardfragen erhalten. Daher ist dieses Dokument, so wie alle FAQs, eine wertvolle und geschätzte Informationsquelle.

Dieses FAQ wurde mit großem Engagement geschrieben, um so informativ wie möglich zu sein. Wenn ihr Vorschläge für Verbesserungen habt, schreibt uns jederzeit.

1 Einleitung
2 Support
- 2.1 What’s the best way to get support?
- 2.2 Where can I find complete information on how to get things done in GhostBSD?
3 Installation
4 Software Installation
5 System and software updates
- 5.1 How should I update GhostBSD to latest FreeBSD updates?
6 Network
- 6.1 Why my WiFi don't work?
- 6.2 Why the WiFi Network Manager don't work?
7 Hardware
- 7.1 Does GhostBSD support the 3D acceleration of my graphics card?
8 References

Einleitung

Was ist GhostBSD?

Zusammengefasst ist GhostBSD ein UNIX®-like operating system.Es funktioniert auf AMD64 und Intel® Plattformen. Dabei basiert GhostBSD auf FreeBSD, welches wiederum von U.C. Berkley´s “4.4BSD-Lite” release abstammt, mit einigen Erweiterungen aus “4.4BSD-Lite2”. Indirekt basiert es zudem auf William Jolitz’s port of U.C. Berkeley’s “Net/2” auf die i386 Architektur, auch als “386BSD” bekannt. Jedoch ist nur sehr wenig ursprünglicher Code aus 386BSD noch vorhanden. Bisher stellte GhostBSD verschiedene Desktops zur Verfügung, wie GNOME, Mate, Xfce, LXDE oder Openbox. Seit Version 19.x setzt GhostBSD hauptsächlich auf Mate als Desktop, es gibt jedoch auch eine Community-basierte Xfce - Version. Zudem ist eine KDE - Version in Entwicklung.

Wer kann GhostBSD verwenden?

GhostBSD kann von Unternehmen genauso verwendet werden wie von Forschern, Computerspezialisten und Endanwendern bzw. Privatnutzern und zwar weltweit für Arbeit, Ausbildung oder für zu Hause als Desktopverwendung auf dem heimischen PC.

Was ist das Ziel des GhostBSD Projektes?

Das Ziel des GhostBSD Projektes ist es, die einfache Benutzung eines GTK Desktops mit der Sicherheit und Flexibilität eines zugrunde liegenden FreeBSD Systems zu kombinieren. GhostBSD ist ein hervorragendes Werkzeug, um FreeBSD kennen zu lernen und das Abenteuer in die Welt von BSD zu beginnen und bedarf keiner Einschränkungen oder Vorbedingungen. GhostBSD kann für (fast) jeden Zweck verwendet werden.

Hat die GhostBSD Lizenz irgendwelche Einschränkungen?

Ja. Diese Einschränkungen sind nicht dazu gedacht, zu kontrollieren, wie der Code vom Anwender genutzt wird, sondern wie das GhostBSD Projekt allgemein gesehen wird und die Freiheit der Nutzung gesichert werden kann. Um eventuelle Lizenzprobleme oder Zweifel an der Nutzung zu beseitigen, sollte die aktuelle Lizenz genau gelesen werden. Für alle Neugierigen kann die Lizenz folgendermassen zusammengefasst werden:

Nimm für Dich nicht in Anspruch, dies alles geschrieben zu haben
Verklage uns nicht, wenn etwas nicht funktioniert

Kann GhostBSD mein momentanes Betriebssystem ersetzen?

Für sehr viele Anwender, ja!

Die meisten Anwender nutzen normalerweise kein reines Betriebssystem, sondern sie nutzen Anwendungen, die auf diesem Betriebssystem laufen und den Computer damit erst nützlich oder sinnvoll werden lassen. GhostBSD ist so aufgebaut, dass es einen Desktop zur Verfügung stellt, dessen voll ausgestattete Umgebung den Einsatz aller notwendigen Anwendungen ermöglicht. Hierin enthalten sind z.B. verschiedene Ausführungen von Web Browsern, Office Suiten, Emailprogrammen, Grafikprogramme (z.B. GIMP) bis hin zu Programmierumgebungen oder Netzwerkservern. Entweder werden diese Programme gleich mitinstalliert, lassen sich über Paketmanager leicht hinzufügen oder aus der FreeBSD Ports Collection erstellen.

Falls Du eine Anwendung nutzen willst, die es nur für ein bestimmtes Betriebssystem gibt, kann man dieses Betriebssystem nicht einfach ersetzen (man bezeichnet diese Situation auch als vendor lock-in). Jedoch bestehen gute Chancen, dass es eine ähnliche Anwendung unter GhostBSD gibt, deren Funktionen sehr ähnlich der gewünschten Einsatzweise sind. Wenn Du den Einsatz eines soliden Office Produktes möchtest, oder einen stabilen Internetserver bzw. eine zuverlässige Workstation einsetzen willst, wo der Job ohne Hänger oder Unterbrechnungen erfüllt wird, ist GhostBSD genau das richtige Werkzeug, diese Vorgaben zu erfüllen.

Falls Du von einer anderen Unix-artigen Umgebung UNIX®-ähnlich zu GhostBSD wechselst oder eine Migration durchführst, wirst Du bereits die meisten Dinge wissen, die für den Einsatz notwendig sind. Falls Du aus der Welt der graphisch orientierten Betriebssysteme kommst, wie z.B. Microsoft Windows® und ältere Versionen von MacOS®,wird es nötig sein, sich auf eine zusätzlich investierte Zeit bzw. Lernphase einzustellen, um zu verstehen, wie die Dinge in UNIX laufen bzw. hiermit gearbeitet wird.

Warum wird das System GhostBSD genannt?

GhostBSD wurde entwickelt, um ein Betriebssystem zu (er-)finden, das mit dem Desktop Gnome auf BSD Technologie aufsetzt. Nach einer Weile sprach man von "Gnome, hosted auf BSD", was bedeutet, Gnome wird auf einem FreeBSD System eingesetzt. Nun, da aktuell verschiedene GTK desktops unterstützt werden, ist es akurater von "GTK - hosted by BSD" zu sprechen.

What is the latest version of GhostBSD?

At this point in time, we are at version 10.3 codenamed Enoch.

Releases are usually made every few months.

Version 11.0 is next to come, following the release cycle of FreeBSD.

Many GhostBSD users stay up to date using other mechanisms available to FreeBSD users. You can read about them in the Chapter Updating and Upgrading FreeBSD in the FreeBSD Handbook.

When are GhostBSD releases made?

The developers team releases a new version more or less every 8 months. GhostBSD follows the release dates of FreeBSD. A testing period precedes each release in order to ensure that the addition of new features does not compromise the stability of the release.

How can I contribute?

There is a number of ways to contribute to the GhostBSD project:

If you possess abilities in programming and knowledge of the FreeBSD operating system, or you simply want to learn these things, you might want to consider joining the team by becoming an active developer. If you are feeling adventurous, you might want to try building GhostBSD, but you might as well join our development mailing list to get in touch with the team and see what work currently has to be done.
If you are interested in helping from the artistic perspective, you could contribute fan art, logos, wallpapers, or help design/maintain the website layout. In this case, the website mailing list is something to look on for additional information.
If you have decent writing skills and know English quite well, you might want to help by writing documents and producing website and wiki content. Get in touch with us on the website mailing list.
If none of the above apply to you, you might just want to use GhostBSD and tell us about bugs you've discovered and the ideas you have about how to improve the system You can report them via forums. You might also consider simply spreading the word about GhostBSD!

If you feel like you might be able to help us grow and improve GhostBSD in any of the above ways (or any other way you can come up with), please contact us using the forums, an IRC channel (#ghostbsd on irc.freenode.net) or any of the mailing lists above.

Support

What’s the best way to get support?

At this point, the best ways to contact other GhostBSD users or developers are:

The IRC channels are #ghostbsd and #ghostbsd-dev on irc://irc.freenode.net.
You can access the IRC channel via our web user interface.
The forums are available at http://forums.ghostbsd.org/.

FAQ and User Handbook are under development. Questions can be answered on the forums and IRC will find their way to this page or the handbook.

Where can I find complete information on how to get things done in GhostBSD?

For the most part, things can be done on GhostBSD the same way they are done on FreeBSD. This is why we encourage our users to check out the great FreeBSD Handbook in case of any doubts or questions. If the handbook does not cover a specific area of your interest, or it seems GhostBSD differs from FreeBSD in some regard, the forums or IRC channel will probably hold the answers you seek.

Installation

Where can I get GhostBSD?

Every release image of GhsotBSD is available via SourceForge site:

The latest releases images can be found on the Download page.
Our Torrent file are available from GotBSD or from the project page (currently not up to date).
You can also buy GhostBSD DVDs and USB flash drives from OSDisc.com.

How do I create a bootable USB pendrive?

Up to version 4.0 separate USB images (with the .img extension) existed that were suitable for USB flash drives. Since version 10.1, GhostBSD releases so-called hybrid ISOs which can either be burned on a DVD or written on a flash drive. Select your preferred desktop and the right architecture and download the ISO. After downloading compare the checksum (optional) and write the content of the iso on a flash drive using one of the methods described below. Since the image itself can be slightly above 2 GB in size, we suggest you use at least a 4 GB pendrive.

On Linux

Here's an example using the console (use the filename of your ISO and make sure you replace the "sdX" with the right device's name!). The following command needs root privileges (issue as user root or using sudo):

dd if=GhostBSD10.3-RELEASE-20160829-213046-mate-amd64.iso of=/dev/sdX bs=1M

On BSD

Here's an example using the console (use the filename of your ISO and make sure you replace the "daX" with the right device's name!). The following command needs root privileges (issue as user root or using sudo):

dd if=GhostBSD10.3-RELEASE-20160829-213046-mate-amd64.iso of=/dev/daX bs=1m

On Windows

This solution comes from the Ubuntu help site, but it applies to GhostBSD as well. You can use one of two tools to create a bootable pendrive on Windows.

Graphical tool on Windows

Download the desired ISO file
Download the Disk Imager from http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/
Insert your flash media
Note the drive letter assigned to your flash media
Start Disk Imager
Select the downloaded file and target device, and click "Write"
Remove your flash media when the operation is complete

Command prompt tool on Windows

Download the desired ISO file
Download flashnul from http://shounen.ru/soft/flashnul
Attach your USB drive
Run flashnul -p
Note the physical device number for the USB drive
Run flashnul <number obtained in prior step> -L \path\to\downloaded.iso
Answer "yes" if the selected destination device is correct
Remove your USB drive when the command finished

Conclusion

After completing the above steps, the pendrive should hold a bootable GhostBSD system. Just reboot your machine and make sure you boot from the USB - it should then start a live session.

Where are the instructions for installing GhostBSD?

Installation instructions for versions beginning with GhostBSD 3.1 can be found in the handbook entry on Installing GhostBSD.

Software Installation

How do I install new software?

In GhostBSD software can be installed in three different ways:

OctoPkg is a GTK+ based tool to manage (search, install and uninstall) binary packages on BSD systems.
FreeBSD's package manager PKG can be used to manage packages using the command line. (In versions before 10.x, the old pkg_* tools were used which worked slightly differenty.)
FreeBSD Ports is one of the most useful and unique features of FreeBSD compared to most Linux distributions. If installed, it can be found under /usr/ports and contains the Makefiles (think "recipes" if you are new to this concept) used to automatically build (fetch source code, configure, compile, install) a vast amount of software. A menu-driven system allows you to tweak compile options which makes this an easy to use but extremely flexible method of installing software.

Can I use Linux software on my GhostBSD system?

First, you should know that most "Linux" software is really open source software. That is, it is freely available for many operating systems, not just Linux. Most software that runs on Linux should also run on GhostBSD.

Like FreeBSD, GhostBSD uses something called Linux Binary Compatibility. In a nutshell, that means you can run many Linux applications as-is. This section of the FreeBSD Handbook explains this compatibility in more detail and describes when it does not work.

However, you do not have to setup Linux Binary Compatibility on your GhostBSD system as it is already configured for you and should "just work".

Does GhostBSD Support Adobe Flash plugin?

Yes, but a native Adobe® Flash® plugin is not available for GhostBSD. However, a software wrapper for running the Linux® version of the plugin is available. This wrapper also provides support for other browser plugins such as RealPlayer®.

Look Installing Adobe Flash Plugin

System and software updates

How should I update GhostBSD to latest FreeBSD updates?

GhostBSD supports freebsd-update command line to update the FreeBSD base system.

freebsd-update fetch install

Network

Why my WiFi don't work?

Look if wlan0 is configured.

cat /etc/rc.conf | grep wlan0

If you have an output similar to:

wlans_run0="wlan0"
ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"

Your WiFi is configured, but it might be down.

sudo ifconfig wlan0 up

Now it should work.

If you have no output, this mean the GhostBSD network configuration system have not detected your WiFi card. The next step for you will be to look if GhostBSD have your WiFi drivers install.

sudo ifconfig | grep -B 3 802.11

In this case run0 is the WiFi drivers.

run0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 2290
       ether 00:1e:e5:e6:5d:1
       nd6 options=29<PERFORMNUD,IFDISABLED,AUTO_LINKLOCAL>
       media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet autoselect mode 11a

If you have an output similar from the example above, you need to configure the file /etc/rc.conf.

sudo ee /etc/rc.conf

Add those line in the file /etc/rc.conf (Replace run0 by your drivers).

wlans_run0="wlan0"
ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"

Esc and save the file. Now you need to restart netif.

sudo /etc/rc.d/netif restart

Your wifi is now configured, you might have to turn wlan0 up.

sudo ifconfig wlan0 up

If you have no output with sudo ifconfig | grep -B 3 802.11, this can mean your WiFi kernel Module is not compile in GhostBSD or your WiFi card is not yet supported by FreeBSD. Please fill out a problem report form this will help us to make GhostBSD better.

Why the WiFi Network Manager don't work?

You might look at #Why my WiFi don't work? (from above). If you have your WiFi Configured and the WiFi Network Manager still not working.

sudo ifconfig wlan0 scan

You should have something similar to this:

SSID/MESH ID    BSSID              CHAN RATE   S:N     INT CAPS
rogerwifi       bc:14:01:e6:33:48    1   54M -23:-42  100 EP   WPS HTCAP WPA RSN WME
-               bc:14:01:e6:33:49    1   54M -20:-38  100 EP   HTCAP RSN WME
WLAN_6EF1       00:13:f7:c4:6e:f3   11   54M -12:-21  200 ES  
BSDHacker       5c:d9:98:69:df:2e   11   54M -15:-27  100 EP   HTCAP WPA WME WPS

If not sudo ifconfig wlan0 up scan should do it. Now you can setup to your network. From above you have none encrypted and encrypted WiFi network.

For a none encrypted WiFi network add the following to the file /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf.

network={
        ssid="WLAN_6EF1"
        bssid=00:13:f7:c4:6e:f3
        key_mgmt=NONE
}

For an encrypted WiFi network add the following to the file /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf.

network={
        ssid="BSDHacking"
        bssid=5c:d9:98:69:df:2e
        key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
        proto=WPA
        psk="yourpasword"
}

For more completed documentation see Wireless Networking.

If sudo ifconfig wlan0 up scan still not scanning, please fill out a problem report form this will help us to make GhostBSD better.

Hardware

Does GhostBSD support the 3D acceleration of my graphics card?

It depends on the hardware of your graphics card, to have support by GhostBSD (or not).^[1]

ATI/Radeon: 3D acceleration will not work on ATI or Radeon cards until FreeBSD completes its TTM^[2] work (possibly in time for FreeBSD 10.0)^[3]. You can still use these cards, but you will have to choose the 2D driver, and if that does not work, you will need to resort to using the Vesa driver.
Intel: GhostBSD supports 3D acceleration on most Intel graphics cards. Due to the current KMS support^[1], you will not be able to switch between the graphical console and a virtual console (using Crtl+Alt+F#) when using the "sc" console driver.; Switching between graphics and text consoles will work when using the "vt" console driver, and GhostBSD right now default to "vt" console.
Nvidia Graphics: Yes! But nvidia-driver must be loaded.^[2] The software can be installed easily, for example by using the (bxPKG/pkg) Package Manager or using ports as described on this page Nvidia driver installation.

References

Retrieved from "http://wiki.ghostbsd.org/index.php?title=FAQ/de&oldid=4137"

@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 === Warum wird das System GhostBSD genannt? ===
-GhostBSD was developed as an operating system to hack on Gnome using BSD technology. After a while it became what was referred to as “<tt>Gnome hosted by BSD</tt>”, which means that Gnome is hosted on the FreeBSD system. Now that we support multiple GTK desktops it is more accurate to call it "<tt>GTK hosted by BSD</tt>".
+GhostBSD wurde entwickelt, um ein Betriebssystem zu (er-)finden, das mit dem Desktop Gnome auf BSD Technologie aufsetzt.
+Nach einer Weile sprach man von "<tt>Gnome, hosted auf BSD</tt>", was bedeutet, Gnome wird auf einem FreeBSD System eingesetzt.
+Nun, da aktuell verschiedene GTK desktops unterstützt werden, ist es akurater von "<tt>GTK - hosted by BSD</tt>" zu sprechen.
 === What is the latest version of GhostBSD? ===